Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development In Late Adulthood

Question 0

Is emotionality more positive or negative at this age? Why? What type of people are most positive vs. negative

Answer 0

Positive; no work, taxes, no kids, etc.

Extraverts are the most positive
Neurotics are the most negative

Question 1

T/F personality traits remain stable

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Erikson’s crisis

Answer 2

Ego integrity vs. despair (satisfied with who you are)

Question 3

Eriksons virtue

Answer 3

Wisdom- acceptance of ones life and impending death
Practical application of that knowledge
Wise people are more optimistic

Question 4

Coping methods: vaillant

Answer 4

Use of mature adaptive mechanisms-altruism, humor, anticipation, earlier in adulthood predicts psychosocial adjustment in late life

Question 5

Coping methods: cognitive-appraisal method

Answer 5

Adults of all ages generally prefer problem-focused coping (action-oriented strategies)

Question 6

T/F older adults do less emotion-focused coping (managing the emotional response) when the situation calls for it

Answer 6

False

• Take action to fix a problem
• can manage better than young adults

Question 7

T/F religion is an important source of emotion-focused coping for many older adults

Answer 7

True

Source of social capital

Question 8

What type of correlation is there between religion and spirituality and health

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Who is most likely to be more involved in religious activities?

Answer 9

Older African American women than elderly whites

Women more than men

Question 10

What is considered “successful aging”

Answer 10

Avoidance of disease and disability
Maintenance of high physical (exercise and eat well) and cognitive function (ex. Soduko)
Sustained, active engagement in social and productive activities

Question 11

death rate goes up to what % more likely when lonely; when poor

Answer 11

15%, 19%

Question 12

Successful aging: disengagement theory (Henry)

Answer 12

Aging brings a gradual reduction in social involvement- do less socially

Question 13

Successful aging: activity theory (Neugarten)

Answer 13

The more active people are, the better they age

Question 14

Successful aging: continuity theory (Atchiey)

Answer 14

Connection between past and present

Stories ex. Dunlevy’s example of the height chart, traditions

Question 15

Successful aging: Baltes theory

Answer 15

It may depend on selective optimization with compensation
Getting older, do less, practice more often
Using stronger abilities to compensate for abilities that have weakened

Question 16

What are some alternatives to retirement

Answer 16

Phased retirement, PT work, volunteer work, or possible starting a new career

Question 17

T/F age has only negative aspects on job performance

Answer 17

False, it has both positive and negative
Negative because slower, may not be as agile and quick mind as younger worker
Positive because of experience, on time, friendly, more-committed, have less to do out of work

Question 18

T/F individual differences are more significant than age differences

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F older adults tend to be less satisfied with their work as well as less committed

Answer 19

False, but always depends more on individual work ethic

Question 20

What percent of older adults can expect in poverty at some point

Answer 20

30%; retirement funding is shaky for middle-aged adults

Question 21

What do the emotional impacts of retirement depend on

Answer 21

Personal, economic, social resources, and how long a person has been retired all affect morale

Question 22

Where does the focus shift after requirement

Answer 22

Towards family, leisure and balanced investments (time spent between family, work and leisure.

Question 23

Describe serious leisure

Answer 23

Leisure that requires skill, attention and commitment

Typically higher intellectual ability

Question 24

What are the differences in living arrangements between developing and developed countries?

Answer 24

Developing countries: often live with children or grandchildren bc of poverty and low amounts of nursing homes Developed countries: most with a spouse or alone

Question 25

T/F White elderly are more likely to live with extended family than are minority elderly

Answer 25

False, minority elderly are more likely to live with extended family

Question 26

T/F most elderly prefer to age in nursing homes

Answer 26

False, most prefer to 'age in place' | Typically need assistance, usually a kid or spouse

Question 27

Which gender typically lives longer

Answer 27

Women, typically more independence, men need women to take care of them

Question 28

T/F most Americans who live alone are widowed

Answer 28

True False in Europe, way more people lived alone

Question 29

How common is institutionalization for the elderly in developing countries

Answer 29

Pretty rare, less than 5% of the older population | Proportion increases as age increases

Question 30

What group of elderly are the most institutionalized

Answer 30

Widows

Question 31

How is assisted-living different from nursing homes

Answer 31

You have more independence in assisted-living | Can typically handle most ADL, just not all IADL

Question 32

What group is elder abuse most common in and who is typically guilty of it

Answer 32

Most common in frail or demented elderly living | Spouse and child typically due to caregiver burnout, their inability to fight back

Question 33

True/false: frequency as well as importance of social contact in relationship declines

Answer 33

False, frequency typically declines, but the relationships tend to stay important to older people

Question 34

Describe the socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 34

Older people prefer to spend time with those who enhance their emotional well-being

Question 35

T/F older people tend to have a stable inner circle of social support

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the correlation between social support and health

Answer 36

Their is a positive correlation, social capital is a huge influence

Question 37

T/F isolation is a risk factor for mortality

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Describe the role of elderly in various cultures of multigenerational families

Answer 38

U.S.- the nuclear family, leave it to beaver, the middle Hispanic and Asian: Intergenerational family with power held by older generations African American and Irish American- collateral, egalitarian relationship among generations

Question 39

True/false elderly have more respect in the US than in other countries

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Which gender typically gets married later in life

Answer 40

Men, women tend to outlive their husbands and are less likely to remarry

Question 41

T/F divorce in late adulthood is common

Answer 41

False | It is especially difficult when it occurs

Question 42

T/F most older adults who have been divorced are remarried

Answer 42

True, most remarriages are more relaxed | Less stress, don't have to worry about kids, work, etc.

Question 43

T/F marriages that last late into adulthood tend to be more satisfying

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Is there an increase or decrease in the % that reach late adulthood without marrying

Answer 44

Increase, also because gay marriage is illegal

Question 45

How is the adjustment of older age homosexual compared to those of younger in terms of coming out and needs in a relationship

Answer 45

Have the same need for intimacy, social contact, and generativity Adjustment to old age in influenced by coming-out status Many wait till parents die, or depends on how long they have been out form

Question 46

What are the effects of friendship in late adulthoods

Answer 46

Focus is on companionship and support over work and parenting Older adults with closer friends are healthier and happier

Question 47

T/F Adults enjoy time spent with friends over family

Answer 47

True, although family remains the main source of social support

Question 48

What is the typical relationship between elderly parents and adult children

Answer 48

They are typically in request contact with each other. | Increasingly, parents are caregivers for grandchildren and great-grandchildren

Question 49

T/F there is a disadvantage of childlessness in old age

Answer 49

False, there does not seem to be an important disadvantage Although if they require care late in like, this may become a problem

Question 50

Which gender or siblings tend to keep in closer contact?

Answer 50

Sisters, All siblings order each other emotional support

Question 51

T/F great-grandparents are typically more involved in children's life than grandparents

Answer 51

False, mostly because of physical barriers