Chapter 18: The Americas in the Age of Independence- Vocab Flashcards
(32 cards)
Abraham Lincoln
An anti-slavery American president who predicted in 1858 that “a house divided against itself cannot stand” in reference to slavery. He was a sectional candidate and aimed to restore the Union (not abolish slavery).
Antonio López de Santa Anna
1794–1896 C.E. Mexican army officer and politician best known for his efforts to prevent Spain from recapturing Mexico. Served as president of Mexico several times.
Battle of the Little Bighorn
A battle in Montana in 1876 where thousands of Lakota Sioux and their allies defeated an army under the command of Colonel George Custer.
Benito Juárez
1806–1872 C.E. Mexican lawyer of indigenous origins who served as president of Mexico on five occasions.
British North America Act of 1867
An act in Canada that recognized Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick as the Dominion of Canada.
Canadian Pacific Railroad
A transcontinental railroad built with British investment capital in 1885. It opened the western prairie lands to commerce, stimulated the development of industries, and promoted a Canadian national economy.
Caudillos
Latin American term for nineteenth-century local military leaders.
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
1811–1888 C.E. Argentine intellectual, writer, and activist who became the seventh president of Argentina.
Dominion of Canada
An association in Canada that signaled its continuing connection to the British government but control of internal affairs. Under the Dominion, each province had its own government, legislature, and lieutenant governor representing the British crown.
Durham Report
Report issued in 1839 by the British Earl of Durham and recent governor- general of Canada, which advocated significant self-government for a united Canada.
Emancipation Proclamation
A proclamation issued by Lincoln in 1863 (5 days after the Union victory) which freed enslaved people in the states that had rebelled. Slavery still remained constitutional, however, until the 13th amendment in 1865.
Emiliano Zapata
1879–1919 c.e. Mexican revolutionary and leader of the peasant revolution during the Mexican Revolution whose followers were called Zapatistas.
Francisco (Pancho) Villa
One of the leaders of warfare against the Mexican government. A charismatic man of an agrarian background, he organized a massive army fighting for land and liberty and embodied the aspirations of the indigenous Mexican people. He attacked and killed US citizens for supporting the government.
Gauchos
Argentine cowboys, highly romanticized figures.
Indian Removal Act of 1830
An act enacted by the US government that sought to forcefully move all Native Americans west of the Mississippi River on to marginal “Indian Territory” lands in Oklahoma.
John. A. Macdonald
The first prime minister of Canada. He moved to incorporate all of British North America into the Dominion, purchasing the Northwest Territories in 1869 and persuading Manitoba, British Colombia, and PEI to join the Dominion. He wanted to make Canadian union a reality, so he constructed a transcontinental railroad.
Juan Manuel de Rosas
A notable caudillo who from 1829 to 1852 ruled Argentina as it was divided between the gaucho of the pampas and the urban elite of Buenos Aires. He subdued other caudillos and established control in Buenos Aires, centralizing the government and ruthlessly quelling rebellions.
Louis Riel
1844–1885 C.E. Leader of metis and indigenous people who organized the unsuccessful Northwest Rebellion against Canadian settlement in 1885. Riel was executed by Canadian authorities.
Machismo
Latin American social ethic that honored male strength, courage, aggressiveness, assertiveness, and cunning.
Manifest Destiny
An idea saying that the US was destined (even divinely ordained) to expand across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific and beyond. It was invoked to justify US expansion.
Mexican-American War
A war from 1846-1848 (known as “la intervención norteamericano” or “la guerra del 47”) instigated by US forces sending troops into a disputed zone on the Rio Grande. This led to a conflict where the US defeated the Mexican Army and took possession of 1/2 of Mexico’s Territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
National Policy
Nineteenth-century Canadian policy designed to attract migrants, protect industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems.
Northwest Rebellion
An insurrection organized by Riel in 1885 where a military force of métis and indigenous people in Saskatchewan rebelled against the Canadian forces. They were quickly subdued, however.
Porfirio Díaz
1830–1915 C.E. Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as president, for a total of thirty-one years.
