Chapter 18 Vocabulary/Main Ideas

Question 0

Explain how germs are spread?

Answer 0

Direct contact(actually touching it.),indirect contact (touching a contaminated object or sharing items),contact with animals or insects,contact with contaminated food and water.

Question 1

Name some causes of communicable diseases?

Answer 1

Bacteria,viruses,fungi,Protozoa.practicing good cleanliness(hygiene).

Question 2

Describe how to protect yourself against pathogens?

Answer 2

• Wash your hands
• good personal hygiene
• Eat nutritious food
• physical activity (60 minutes a day)
• 9 hours of sleep a night
• clean wounds
• keep your environment clean (house,room)
• keeping hands away from eyes,mouth & nose

Question 3

Name the body’s first line of defense against pathogens?

Answer 3

• Skin
• stomach acid
• saliva
• tears
• mucous membranes

Question 4

Describe how the immune system functions?

Answer 4

• nonspecific immune response (FIRST)
• inflammation (swelling,pain,heat,& redness) (paper cuts)
• interferon:protein
• specific immune response (SECOND)
• customized to attack pathogens (memory bank)
• it is faster than the first one
  - Lymphatic system
• secondary system that helps fight pathogens (back up system)
• maintains fluid balance
• lymphocytes:white blood cells (2 types:T cells and B cells)
• T cells:is located in thymus gland (attacks pathogens from the outside)
• B cells:formed in bone marrow (inside bones) (attacks pathogens from inside)

Question 5

Explain how antibodies protect the body (antibodies & antigens)?

Answer 5

Antigens:released by pathogens (BAD GUYS)
Antibodies:fight pathogens (GOOD GUYS)
-2 types of T cells:killer cells
-helper cells (make more B cells
How to keep healthy?
-vaccines:are dead or weekend pathogen.

Question 6

Explain what causes colds and how they can be treated?

Answer 6

-direct contact or indirect contact

Question 7

Identify some common communicable diseases?

Answer 7

Mononucleosis,Hepatitis,strep throat,pneumonia,tuberculosis,chicken pox,measles,mumps,and whooping cough.

Question 8

Describe the symptoms of some common communicable diseases?

Answer 8

Chicken pox-itchy rash,fever,and muscles aches.
Pneumonia-high fever,chest pain,and cough
Rubella-swollen lymph nodes,rash,and cough
Measles-fever,runny nose,cough,and rash
Mumps-fever,headache,swollen areas in neck and under jaw
Whooping cough-fever,runny nose,dry cough (with a whooping sound)
Tuberculosis-fever,fatigue,weight loss,coughing blood

Question 9

Identify common STDs and the problem they cause?

Answer 9

Chlamydia,genital herpes,genital warts,trichomoniasis,gonorrhea,syphilis,PID,HIV/AIDS

Chlamydia-is a bacterial STD that may affect the reproductive organs,urethra,and anus.

Genital herpes-is a viral STD that produces painful blisters,on the genital area.

Genital warts-Are growths or bumps in the genital area caused by certain types of human papilloma virus.

Trichomoniasis-is an STD caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginails.

Gonorrhea-is a bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes of the body,particularly in the genital area.

Syphilis-is a bacterial STD that can affect many parts of the body.

PID-is a general infection of the female reproductive organs.

Question 10

State how to protect yourself from a STD?

Answer 10

Abstinence or a condom.

Question 11

Explain why abstinence until marriage is the best way to avoid getting an STD?

Answer 11

Your body is matured.there is a less like of a chance of getting it because nether of you will have had sexually relationship before.

Question 12

Define HIV and AIDS?

Answer 12

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-is a virus that causes AIDS.

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)-is a deadly disease that interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection.

Question 13

Explain how people become infected with HIV and develop AIDS?

Answer 13

When the HIV virus attack the T cells,it replaces the cells genetic information with its own and the multiplies.As more T cells are taken over,the immune system becomes weaker.The body can no longer fight off the pathogens that a healthy immune system would destroy.

Question 14

Describe how to avoid getting HIV and AIDS.

Answer 14

Practicing abstinence,avoid drugs and alcohol,and avoid sharing needles.

Practicing abstinence-it is not contagious.

Avoid drugs and alcohol-it can impair your ability to make healthful decisions.

Avoid sharing needles-Needles can carry HIV into your bloodstream.This includes needles that are used for tattoos or body piercings.

Question 15

Is any condition that with the proper functioning of the body or mind.

Answer 15

Disease

Question 16

Is a disease that can be passed to a person from another person,animal,or object.

Answer 16

Communicable disease

Question 17

Is a disease-causing organisms that are so small they can only b seen through a microscope.

Answer 17

Pathogens

Question 18

Is a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body,multiply,and cause harm.

Answer 18

Infection

Question 19

Is the smallest pathogen

Answer 19

Viruses

Question 20

Is a tiny one-celled organism

Answer 20

Bacteria

Question 21

Are organism that are more complex than bacteria but cannot make their own food.

Answer 21

Fungi

Question 22

Are one-celled organisms that are more complex than bacteria.

Answer 22

Protozoa

Question 23

Is an organism,such as an insect,that transmits pathogens

Answer 23

Vector

Question 24

Or cleanliness

Answer 24

Hygiene

Question 25

Is a combination of body defenses made up of the cells,tissues,and organs that fight off pathogens and disease.

Answer 25

Immune system

Question 26

Is your body's ability to resist the germs that cause a particular disease.

Answer 26

Immunity

Question 27

Is the body's response to injury or disease,resulting in a condition of swelling,pain,heat,redness.

Answer 27

Inflammation

Question 28

Is a secondary circulatory system that helps the body to fight pathogens and maintains its fluid balance.

Answer 28

Lymphatic system

Question 29

The white blood cells in the lymphatic system.

Answer 29

Lymphocytes

Question 30

Is any substance released by invading pathogens.

Answer 30

Antigen

Question 31

Are the proteins that attach to antigens,keeping them from harming the body.

Answer 31

Antibodies

Question 32

Is a preparation of dead or weekend pathogens that cause the immune system to produce antibodies

Answer 32

Vaccine

Question 33

Is the length of time that a particular disease can be spread from person to person.

Answer 33

Contagious period

Question 34

is a viral disease characterized by a severe sore throat and swelling of the throat and swelling of the lymph glands in the neck and around the throat area.

Answer 34

Mononucleosis

Question 35

Is a viral disease of the liver characterized by yellowing of the skin and the eyes.

Answer 35

Hepatitis

Question 36

Is a bacterial disease that usually affects the lungs.

Answer 36

Tuberculosis

Question 37

Is a serious inflammation of the lungs.

Answer 37

Pneumonia

Question 38

Is a sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria.

Answer 38

Strep throat

Question 39

Are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact.

Answer 39

Sexually transmitted disease

Question 40

Is a virus that causes AIDS

Answer 40

HIV

Question 41

Is a deadly disease that interferes with the body's natural ability to fight off infection.

Answer 41

AIDS

Question 42

Is an infection that rarely occurs in a healthy person.

Answer 42

Opportunistic infection

Question 43

Is a person who appears healthy but is infected with HIV and can pass it to others.

Answer 43

Carrier