Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology 2 unit 2 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the tunica intima

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What. makes up the tunica media

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the tunica externa

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the vasa vasorum

A

microvasculature that plays a role in vessel wall biology and pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are elastic arteries located

A

nearest to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are elastic arteries made of

A

much more elastic tissue in the tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are conducting arteries

A

an artery with many collagen elastin filaments in tunica media allowing it to stretch with each pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What arteries make up the most of the named arteries

A

distributing arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are distributing arteries unique

A

contain more smooth muscle cells in tunica media layer than elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are resistance arteries

A

small diameter blood vessel in microcirculation that contributes to the creating of resistance to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layers are in capillaries structure

A

endothelial cells, epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do pericytes do

A

maintain blood brain barrier, blood vessel formation, regulate immune cell entry to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tissues have no capillaries

A

epidermis, lens and cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are continuous capillaries located

A

kidneys small intestine endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fenestrated capillaries do what

A

active filtration, absorption, hormone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do sinusoidal capillaries have sluggish blood flow

A

allows time for modification of large molecules and blood cells that pass between blood and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are there macrophages in the sinusoidal capillaries

A

innate and adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the precapillary sphincter

A

controls blood flow to capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are venules

A

very small veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are varicose veins

A

twisted enlarged veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are venous sinuses

A

group of sinuses that drain venous blood flow from cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are vascular anastomoses

A

surgical procedure that is used to connect vessels to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is blood flow

A

flow of blood in circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is systemic arterial blood pressure
force when left ventricle contracts
26
What are the three factors in blood resistance
blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter
27
What is laminar flow
smooth and streamlined
28
What is turbulent flow
are irregular and chaotic
29
Atherosclerosis
hardening of arteries
30
What are factors of arterial blood pressure
age gender body weight activity level stress alcohol intake
31
What is Systolic pressure
pressure in arteries when your heart beats
32
What is diastolic pressure
pressure in arteries when heart rests between beats
33
What is pulse pressure
the top number minus the bottom
34
What are the vital signs
body temp, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure
35
What are the sounds in blood pressure called
korotkoff
36
Why is capillary blood pressure so low
ensure blood and oxygen can diffuse into tissues
37
What is the Muscular pump
collection of skeletal muscles that help veins return blood flow
38
What is the Respiration pump
pressure changes during breathing help veins bring blood back
39
What causes sympathetic venoconstriction
increase in venous return
40
What is MAP maintained by
renal system
41
What happens to the baroreceptor reflexes when MAP is high
dilate vessels
42
What is vasodilation
widening of blood vessels as a result of relaxation of the blood vessels muscular walls
43
What is arteriolar vasodilation
dilation of arteries
44
What is venodilation
dilation of veins
45
what is decreased cardiac output
inhibit sympathetic activity and stimulate parasympathetic
46
What is the role of vagus nerve in heart rate
decrease heart rate
47
what happens if MAP is low
reflex vasoconstriction is initiated that increases CO and BP
48
the Aortic arch and large arteries of the neck can detect changes in what
blood pressure
49
Where are reflexes that regulate blood pressure found
adrenal medulla controlled by hypothalamus
50
What do adrenal medulla hormones do to BP
increase vasoconstriction increasing BP
51
What is the effect of Angiotensin 2 on blood pressure
causes the muscular walls of small arteries to constrict and increase BP
52
What does ADH do to blood pressure
increases
53
What does atrial natriuretic peptide do the blood pressure
decreases BP
54
What is direct renal regulation
when BP high kidneys excrete more when BP low kidneys excrete less
55
What is indirect renal regulation
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
56
Aldosterone cause what
increase in BP
57
What are ACE inhibitors and who takes them
medications that relaxes veins and arteries used by people with high BP
58
What are the risks for primary hypertension
diabetes unhealthy diet obesity and alcohol consumption
59
What is secondary hypertension caused by
coarctation of the aorta, sleep apnea, obesity, pregnancy and medications
60
What is orthostatic hypotension
low BP when standing after sitting or lying down
61
What is chronic hypotensions
life-long hypotension
62
What is acute hypotension
a sudden drop in blood pressure
63
What causes hypovolemic shock
severe blood or other fluid loss
64
What causes vascular shock
when blood vessels dilate to much
65
What causes cardiogenic shock
usually a heart attack
66
How is blood flow to each organ controlled
perfusion pressure and vasomotor tone
67
what is Vasomotion
spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls independent of heartbeat
68
What is edema
swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in body tissues
69
What are the reflex factors in blood pressure
medulla cardiovascular centers, barorecptors, chemoreceptors, higher brain centers
70
Where are baroreceptors and why are they there?
aorta and carotid sinus because it is close to the brain and coming right off of the heart
71
What does hydrostatic pressure have to do with capillary beds
pushes fluid out on arterial end
72
What does osmotic pressure have to do with capillary beds
brings fluid back in on venous end
73
what is Colloid osmotic pressure
presence of non-diffusible molecules in fluid such as proteins
74
what is Capillary colloid osmotic pressure
osmotic pressure from large molecules to bring fluid back into capillary on venous end
75
what is net filtration pressure
total pressure that promotes filtration
76
What is the hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
35 mmHg
77
what happens to the osmotic pressure as it moves along the capillary
it decreases making water move back in
78
What is interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
interstitial pressure that increases as fluid leaves capillaries and enters tissues
79
What are lymphatics
tubes that drain fluid into lymph nodes
80
What is the importance of lymphatics
manage body fluid levels in balance and defend against infection
81
What causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
more fluid loss from blood/ increase in BP
82
What can cause and increase in interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
an inflammatory response
83
What can cause a decrease in capillary colloid osmotic pressure
improper plasma proteins causes fluid to pool in tissues

Anatomy and Physiology 2 unit 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions