Chapter 19&27&28

Question 1

non-living infectious particles that can reproduce

Answer 1

viruses

Question 2

needing to use the inside of a host cell to reproduce- can replicate only within a host cell

Answer 2

obligate intracellular parasites

Question 3

only infect bacteria

Answer 3

bacteriophages

Question 4

a virus consists of a ___ surrounded by a ____

Answer 4

nucleic acid, protein coat

Question 5

protein shell, wraps around the DNA or RNA

Answer 5

capsid

Question 6

viruses can only infect ___ cells from specific species

Answer 6

specific

Question 7

slow-acting, non-living, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals

Answer 7

prions

Question 8

propagate by converting normal proteins into the altered prion version

Answer 8

prions

Question 9

Bacteria and Archaea belong to this group

Answer 9

Prokaryotes

Question 10

Prokaryotes are ____, meaning they are everywhere

Answer 10

Ubiquitous

Question 11

difficult to study because they love extreme environments (extremophiles)

Answer 11

archaea

Question 12

Archaea are different from bacteria because of these 3 things

Answer 12

membrane structure, metabolic, and transcription/translation related genes

Question 13

Most prokaryotic cells are about ___- ___x smaller than eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

10-100x

Question 14

Earth’s first organisms were likely this

Answer 14

prokaryotes

Question 15

The three most common shapes of prokaryotes are…

Answer 15

cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods), and spirals

Question 16

DNA shaped as a ring (prokaryote)

Answer 16

circular chromosome

Question 17

structure for a cell

Answer 17

cell wall *some of these structures are present in all bacteria, others depend on the type

Question 18

used to exchange DNA between bacterial cells

Answer 18

sex pilus

Question 19

movement

Answer 19

flagella

Question 20

make proteins

Answer 20

ribosomes * some o these structures are present in all bacteria, others depend on the type

Question 21

thick protective layer outside of some bacteria

Answer 21

capsule

Question 22

hairs that help attach bacteria to surfaces

Answer 22

fimbriae

Question 23

The 2 types of cell wall in a bacterial structure

Answer 23

gram positive and gram negative

Question 24

has a cell wall structure that has one membrane, and thick layer peptido-glycan layer
purple color

Answer 24

gram positive

Question 25

two membrane with a skinny layer of peptido-glycan layer with an outer membrane pink color

Answer 25

gram negative

Question 26

in a heterogeneous environment, many bacteria exhibit ___, the ability to move toward or away from a stimulus

Answer 26

taxis

Question 27

the movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus

Answer 27

chemotaxis

Question 28

The prokaryotic genome has less ____ than the eukaryotic genome

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

smaller rings of DNA

Answer 29

plasmids

Question 30

most of the genome consists of a circular _____

Answer 30

chromosome

Question 31

asexual reproduction. Prokaryotes reproduce quickly by ___ ___ and can divide every 1-3 hours

Answer 31

binary fission

Question 32

cells essentially identical to the parent

Answer 32

daughter cells

Question 33

longer than fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA usually on plasmids

Answer 33

sex pili

Question 34

carry genes for antibiotic resistance

Answer 34

R plasmids

Question 35

prokaryotes are the principal agents in ____, the use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

Answer 35

bioremediation

Question 36

informal name of the group mostly unicellular eukaryotes

Answer 36

protist

Question 37

protists constitute a ____ group, and are closely related to plants, fungi, and some animals. Protista is no longer valid as a kingdom

Answer 37

polyphyletic group

Question 38

Protists are eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 38

eukaryotes

Question 39

Most eukaryotes are ___-celled organisms

Answer 39

single

Question 40

Almost all protists are multicellular or single cellular?

Answer 40

single cellular

Question 41

type of protist that contains chloroplasts, and performs photosynthesis

Answer 41

photoautotrophs

Question 42

type of protist that absorbs organic molecules or ingests larger food particles

Answer 42

heterotrophs

Question 43

type of protist that combines photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 43

mixotrophs

Question 44

the process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, which becomes incorporated with the host cell and eventually becomes an organelle

Answer 44

endosymbiosis

Question 45

protist ____ benefit their hosts, involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association

Answer 45

symbiont

Question 46

____ protist will live within another organisms and harm it in some way to their own benefit

Answer 46

parasitic