Chapter 19 Flashcards
Viruses cannot be killed they can be….
Suppressed
RNA- type of virus…
And enzyme used….
Example- (AIDS)
Enzyme used- reverse transcriptase- RNA transcribed into the DNA of an organism
Genome
Genetic makeup of an organism
Viruses
Infectious particles made of nuclei acids and proteins
Viral envelope
Membrane surrounding the capsid
Provirus
Integrates into a cells genome
Vaccine
Takes dead pieces of the virus.
Stimulates the immune system
Edward Jenner- (cow pox)
Emerging virus
New virus
Cancer
Oncogenes- viral genes that can cause cancer
Viroids
Infected plants
Prions
Infectious proteins that degenerate brain tissue
Transformation
The alteration of bacterial cells genotype by he uptake of foreign DNA
Transduction
When phages carry bacterial genes from one cell to another.
1) generalized transduction- random
2) specialized transduction- specific
Prophage
A phagae genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome (always carries the genes)
Conjugation
The direct transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells
F-Factor
Forms conjugation and sex pili
Plasmids
Small circular self replicating DNA
R-Plasmid
Bacterial plasmid that carry genes resistant to antibiotics
Transposon
Price of DNA that can move to a new location (Jumping gene)
- Dr. McClintok and the colors in Indian corn
Operon
Grouped genes
Operator is the promoter
Produces pathways for enzymes
Repressor
Blinds operator and prevents transcription
Regulatory gene
Regulates repressor
Inducer
Inactivates repressor
cAMP- Cyclic AMP
Circular ATP
Regulates operons and stops transcription
