Chapter 19: Blood Flashcards
(122 cards)
Functions of Blood
- Transportation
- Regulation
- Protection
Blood Function: Transportation
- transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells
- transports wastes to lungs and kidneys for excretion
- transports hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
Blood Function: Regulation
- maintains pH using buffers
- maintains body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
- maintains adequate fluid volume in circulatory system
What are the three types of plasma proteins that are found in plasma?
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
Albumin
- (60%) major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma
- important in the transport of fatty acids, thyroid hormones, some steroid hormones and other substances
- produced by the liver
3 Types of Globulins
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
Function of Alpha/Beta Globulins
- are transport proteins, carrying things like metal ions (iron and copper for example) and lipid hormones.
- Produced by the liver
Gamma Globulins
- Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response that attack foreign proteins and pathogens
- Not produced by the liver
Fibrinogen
• (~4%) functions in clotting:
◦ under certain conditions, fibrinogen molecules will interact with each other forming large, insoluble strands of fibrin
• produced by the liver
Plasma
fluid component of blood (approx 55% of whole blood)
Plasma Compostion
- water (92%)
- Plasma Proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen) (7%)
- Other Solutes (electrolytes, nutrients, wastes) (1%)
Give a normal range of blood volume in healthy humans
Adult male: 5-6 L
Adult female: 4-5 L
Hematology
Study of blood
Hematocrit
Percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells
Differential WBC count
Percentage of each type of leukocyte
Hemolysis
Destruction of red blood cells
Complete blood count
Tests that screens for anemia and other infections, includes counts of RBC’s, WBC’s , platelets per microliter of whole blood , hematocrit, differential WBC count
Describe the formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis) and all terms discussed in lecture
check notes for chart
Hematopoiesis
Process of blood cell formation in bone marrow
What are the types of blood cells?
- Leukocyte
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
Describe the function of each blood cell type
- Erythrocytes- transports O2 in blood
- Leukocytes- defends body against pathogens
- Platelets- contains enzymes and other substances important to the process of blood clotting and coagulation
Characteristics of RBC’s
- small in diameter
- cell has biconcave disc shape, anucleate & has no organelles
- average life span 120 days
- filled with Hemoglobin for gas transport
- contain spectrin and other proteins
- RBC diameters are larger than some capillaries
Erythropoiesis
Formation of RBC’s
What are the stages of Erythropoiesis ?
- Myeloid stem cell: transforms into proerythroblast
- Proerythroblast: divides many times, transforming into basophilic erythroblasts
- Reticulocytes: still contains small amounts of ribosomes
- Mature erythrocyte: in 2 days, ribosomes degrade , transforming into mature RBC