Chapter 19 Cardiovasular

Question 1

Cardiology

Answer 1

is the science that studies the heart

Question 2

Cardiologist

Answer 2

is the physician who specialized in the heart

Question 3

Cardiovascular system

Answer 3

consists of heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood into the
blood vessels, and blood vessels distribute the blood to all the tissues to provide adequate
perfusion

Question 4

Perfusion

Answer 4

Perfusion is the delivery of blood per time per gram of tissue, expressed in
millimeters per minute per gram (mL/min/gm)

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

carry blood away from the heart and deliver it to the organs

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

carry blood back from the organs to the heart

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

connect between the smallest arteries and veins, and they are a site of exchange
between blood and tissues.

Question 8

pulmonary circuit

Answer 8

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas
exchange and then returns the oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 9

systemic circuit

Answer 9

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and
returns the deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 10

Heart is found…

Answer 10

Mediastinum is the region between
the two pleural cavities and it contains the thymus, esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels,
lymph nodes and nerves

Question 11

Base (of the heart)

Answer 11

posterior.
contains the great vessels (aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava, and inferior
vena cava)

Question 12

Apex (of the heart)

Answer 12

inferior pointed tip.

Question 13

anterior to posterior (of the heart)

Answer 13

The thickest point

Question 14

Pericardium: inner layer

Answer 14

visceral pericardium

Question 15

Pericardium: outer layer

Answer 15

pericardial sac.

Question 16

pericardial cavity

Answer 16

small space between the parietal and the visceral layers. It
contains 10-20 ml of pericardial fluid to help with friction as the heart beats

Question 17

Function of the Pericardium

Answer 17

Allows the heart to expand (but
resist excessive expansion), and stabilizes the position of the heart and associated blood
vessels in the mediastinum

Question 18

3 layers of the heart

Answer 18

1. (outer) Epicardium
2. Endocardium
   3.(inner) Myocardium

Question 19

Epicardium

Answer 19

Outer layer, coronary arteries travel through it, and has fat in areas as we age.

Question 20

Endocardium

Answer 20

Middle layer.
Lines the interoir of the heart and covers the valves

Question 21

Myocardium

Answer 21

Thickest layer and inner most.
Contains muscle, vessels, nerves

Question 22

Heart Chambers

Answer 22

Superior: L+R atria
Inferior: L+R ventricles

Question 23

Atria x2

Answer 23

Thinner walls than ventricles.
Separated by intertrail spetum

Question 24

Right Atria involves what…

Answer 24

ridges called pectinate muscles
Fossa ovalis
superior vena cava: delivers blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest
inferior vena cava: delivers blood from the rest
The coronary sinus

Question 25

Left Atria invloves:

Answer 25

oxygen rich blood from the lungs by pulmonary veins. pectinate muscles

Question 26

Right Ventricle

Answer 26

right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary trunk, which immediately divides into right and left pulmonary arterie Systemic edema is due to right ventricle failure;

Question 27

Left Ventricle

Answer 27

thicker walls than the right ventricle due to pushing blood through the systemic circuit. pulmonary edema is due to left ventricle failure

Question 28

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Answer 28

oxygenated blood ventricles are relaxed, the AV valves are open. The AV valves close when the ventricles contract.

Question 29

Right atrioventricular valve (Tricuspid valve)

Answer 29

deoxygenated blood allows blood to go from the right atrium to the right atrium only.

Question 30

Left atrioventricular (AV) valve (Bicuspid, or mitral valve)

Answer 30

allows blood to move from the left atrium to the left ventricle only

Question 31

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Answer 31

oxygenated blood between L ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 32

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Answer 32

deoxygenated blood R ventricle to pulmonary trunk only

Question 33

Cardiac muscle

Answer 33

The T tubules are larger than the skeletal muscle Desmosomes prevent cardiac muscles from pulling a part. Gap junctions form channels that allow ions to flow from the cytoplasm of one cardiocyte directly into the next

Question 34

Cardiac muscles

Answer 34

not prone to fatigue large mitochondria that fill about 25% 60% of its energy from fatty acid

Question 35

Heart frame work

Answer 35

elastic tissue/collagneous between the heart chambers, in fibrous rings around the valves, and in sheets that interconnect theses rings

Question 36

Anterior interventricular artery (L Coronary Arteries)

Answer 36

Runs anterior interventricular sulcus to the apex supplies blood to both ventricles and the anterior two third of the interventricular septum

Question 37

Circumflex artery. (L Coronary Arteries)

Answer 37

Curves to the left in the coronary sulcus supplies blood to left atrium and the left the ventricle

Question 38

Right Coronary Artery.

Answer 38

right coronary sulcus around the heart. It supplies blood to the right atrium and the SA node.

Question 39

marginal branch (R. coronary Artery

Answer 39

that supply the lateral aspects of the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 40

Small thebesian veins

Answer 40

5-10% of coronary veins dump there. part of cardica vein

Question 41

Great Cardiac Vein

Question 42

Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein

Answer 42

drains the area supplied by the posterior interventricular artery, and empties into the coronary sinus

Question 43

Left marginal vein

Answer 43

travels from the apex along the left margin and empties into the coronary sinus.