Chapter 19- Endocrine Amd Hemotologic Injuries Flashcards
(32 cards)
Endocrine system
A communication system that controls function inside the body. Helps body maintain homeostasis
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones
Hormones
Chemical substances produced by a gland. They travel through the blood to the organs, tissues, or cells that they are intended to affect
What two things do the brain need to survive?
Glucose and oxygen
Glucose
One of the basic sugars, it is the primary fuel in conjunction with oxygen for cellular metabolism
Insulin
A hormone produced by the islets of langerhands that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells, used in synthetic form to treat in control diabetes Mellitus
What two hormones does the pancreas store that is necessary for glucose metabolism?
Glucagon and insulin
What do Alpha cells produce? What do beta cells produce? Where are the alpha and beta cells located?
They are located in the islets of langerhans, which are in a small part of the pancreas. The alpha cells produce glucagon and the beta cells produce insulin.
Diabetes Mellitus
A disorder of glucose metabolism, such that the body has an impaired ability to get glucose into the cells to be used for energy
Hyperglycemia
A state in which the blood glucose is above normal
Hypoglycemia
A State in which the blood glucose level is lower than normal
Type one diabetes
An auto immune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells.
What symptoms related to eating and drinking will a new onset of type 1 diabetes present?
Polyuria (excessive pissing)
polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
Weight loss
Fatigue
What is considered a normal blood glucose level?
Between 80 and 120 mg/DL
Polyuria
Frequent urination
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
Polyphagia
Excessive hunger
Kussmaul respirations
Deep and fast respirations
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
What may DKA present as?
Abdominal pain
Body aches
Nausea
Vomiting
Altered mental status or unconsciousness (if severe)
Type two diabetes
Caused by resistance to the effects of insulin at the cellular level. Insulin resistance means the lock is unable to except the key. In diabetes type two there are few were insulin receptors, so there are not enough locks
Symptomatic hyperglycemia
Occurs when blood glucose levels are very high
Hyperosmolsr hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)
A life-threatening condition resulting from a high blood glucose level it typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage
Are signs and symptoms of HHNS?
Hyperglycemia
Altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy
Severe dehydration, thirst, Dark urine
Visual or sensory deficits
Partial paralysis or muscle weakness
Seizures
