Chapter 19 heart

Question 1

Cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 1

Heart and Blood vessels

Question 2

Circulatory system consist of

Answer 2

Heart, blood vessels and the blood

Question 3

Left side of heart is

Answer 3

Fully oxygenated blood arrive. From lungs via pulmonary veins.
Blood sent to all organs of the body via Aorta

Question 4

Right side of heart is

Answer 4

Lesser oxygenated blood arrives from inferior vena cava.

Blood sent to lungs via pulmonary trunk

Question 5

Three layers of the heart

Answer 5

Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

Question 6

Double wall sac that encloses the heart

Answer 6

Pericardium

Question 7

Outer wall of sac doubled layered of: Superficial fibrous layer of connective tissue and Deep,thin serous layer

Answer 7

Parietal pericardium

Question 8

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 8

Coronary artery disease..hard complicated plaque

Question 9

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Coronary artery disease…constrictuon of the coronary arteries disease….A

Question 10

What causes atherosclerosis

Answer 10

an accumulation of lipid deposits that degrade the arterial wall and obstruct the lumen

Question 11

Drugs that stimulate the heart

Answer 11

Nicotine, thyroid hormone and caffeine

Question 12

nicotine stimulates

Answer 12

catecholamine secrtion

Question 13

thyroid hormone increses

Answer 13

number of adrenergic receptors on heart so more responsive to sympathetic stimulation

Question 14

caffeine inhibits what

Answer 14

cAMP breakdown prolonging adrenergic effect

Question 15

What is Baroreceptors

Answer 15

signal cardiac center: Changes in BP

Question 16

What occurs in the cardiac center to the heart

Answer 16

BP decreases, signal rate drops,cardiac center increases HR

If BP increases, signal rate rises, cardiac center decreases HR

Question 17

Positive chronotropic agents

Answer 17

factors that raises HR

Question 18

Negative chronotropic agents

Answer 18

factors that lower HR

Question 19

What is Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 19

The amount ejected by ventricle in 1minute

Question 20

Cardiac Output=

Answer 20

HR times stroke volume

Question 21

What occurs @Pwave

Answer 21

SA node fires, atria depolarize and contract

Question 22

what occurs at QRS

Answer 22

Ventricular depolarization

Question 23

What occurs at ST segment

Answer 23

Ventricular systole

Plateau in myocardial action potential

Question 24

What occurs @Twave

Answer 24

Ventricular rpolarization and relaxation

Question 25

What is a cardiac cycle

Answer 25

one complete contraction and relaxation of all four chambers of the heart

Question 26

Atrial systole (contraction) occurs

Answer 26

while ventricles are in diastole(relaxation)

Question 27

Atrial diastole(relaxation) occurs

Answer 27

while ventricles in systole

Question 28

Quiescent period of cardiac cycle

Answer 28

when all four chambers relaxed at same time

Question 29

What happens when ventricles relax

Answer 29

Pressure drops, semilunar valves close as blood attempts to back up into the ventricles from the vessels, Av calces open, and blood flows from atria to ventricles

Question 30

What happens when ventricles contract

Answer 30

AV vavles close as blood attempts to back up into the atria, Pressure rises inside of the ventricles, and semilunar valves open and blood flows int great vessels

Question 31

Sympathetic nerves

Answer 31

raise HR

Question 32

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 32

slows HR

Question 33

Sinus rhythm

Answer 33

normal heartbeat triggered by the SA node | set by SA node at 60 to 100bpm

Question 34

Ectopic focus

Answer 34

another part of heart fires before the SA node

Question 35

Arrhythmia

Answer 35

any abnormal cardiac rhythm

Question 36

Atrial flutter (Cardiac Arrhythmias)

Answer 36

ectopic foci in atria | -Atrial fibrillation

Question 37

What causes Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (Cardiac Arrhythmias)

Answer 37

Stimulants, stress, or lack of sleep

Question 38

Ventricular fibrillation (Cardiac Arrhymias)

Answer 38

Serious arrhythmia caused by electrical signals reaching different regions at widely different times

Question 39

Valvular Insufficiency

Answer 39

any failure of a valve to prevent reflux, the backward flow of blood

Question 40

valvular stenosis

Answer 40

cusps are stiffened and opening is constricted by scar tissue -result of rheumatic fever and heart murmur

Question 41

mitral valve prolapse

Answer 41

insufficiency in which one or both mitral valve cusps bulge into atria during ventricular contraction -may cause SOB/chest pain