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AP European History > Chapter 19 ID List - French Rev./Napoleonic Era > Flashcards

Chapter 19 ID List - French Rev./Napoleonic Era Flashcards

1
Q

Bourgeoise

A
  • wealthy, educated commoners
  • sometimes married into nobility
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2
Q

Seven Year’s War

A
  • Conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies
  • known as the French and Indian War in North America
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3
Q

Marquis de Lafayette (r. 1757-1834)

A
  • French general
  • America’s greatest supporter during the revolution
  • helped the American general George Washington during the revolution
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4
Q

Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)

A

-grandson of Louis XIV
- led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War (1710-1774)

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5
Q

Louis XIV (r. 1774-1792)

A
  • regarded as eager to please
  • summoned the estates general
  • married Marie Antoinette
  • overthrown during the French Revolution
  • later executed
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6
Q

Estates General

A
  • legislative body in the prerevolutionary France
  • made up of the three estates
  • called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614
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7
Q

The Three Estates

A
  • the three orders of the french populace
    1. the clergy -> nobility -> commoners including the bourgeoisie
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8
Q

Tennis Court Oath (1789)

A
  • an oath by the third estates representatives who called themselves the National Assembly
  • they vowed to not disband until they came up with a new constitution
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9
Q

The Bastille (1789)

A
  • a royal prison
  • it was stormed on July 14th, 1789
  • the Parisians wished to obtain weapons to defend themselves from the mass of troops near Paris
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10
Q

The Great Fear (1789)

A
  • the fear of nobles reprisals against peasant uprisings
  • it seized the French countryside and led to more revolts
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11
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789)

A
  • issued by the National Assembly
  • guaranteed equality before the law, representative government, and individual freedom
  • it had little effect for the poor and hungry of France
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12
Q

Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

A
  • a self taught writer and woman of the people
  • protested slavery and injustices done to women
  • published Declaration of the Rights of Women
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13
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)

A
  • issued on July 12th, 1790
  • created a national church
  • the clergy were now elected
  • all church officials had to make a pledge of allegiance to the government
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14
Q

Maxmillen Robespierre (1758-1794)

A
  • leader of the radical Jacobin republic
  • insinuated the Reign of Terror
  • fixed prices and wages
  • pursued a policy of dechristianization
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15
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

A
  • English writer
  • demanded equal rights for women
  • advocated for coeducation
  • her book, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, became a founding text of the feminist movement
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16
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz (1791)

A
  • written by the monarchies of Austria and Prussia
  • it proclaimed their willingness to intervene and put Louis XVI back on the throne
17
Q

Jacobins

A
  • a political faction in revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical republicans
  • separated into two groups: Girondists and Mountains
  • led by Robespierre and Danton
18
Q

Girondists

A
  • the moderate side of the Jacobin club
  • fought for control of the French National Convention
  • wished to keep Louis XVI alive
19
Q

The “Mountain”

A
  • led by Robespierre
  • the French National Convention’s radical factions
  • seized power in 1793
  • executed Louis XIV
20
Q

Sans-culottes

A
  • the laboring poor of Paris
  • it later came to refer to the militant radicals of the city
  • the joined with the Mountain to get rid of the Girondists
21
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A
  • formed in April 1793
  • led by Robespierre, it held dictatorial power, allowing it to use whatever means necessary
22
Q

Reign of Terror

A
  • period from 1793 to 1794
  • in this time, the committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands
  • imposed a new revolutionary culture, one of fear
23
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A
  • the reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror in 1794
  • resulted in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls
24
Q

The Directory

A
  • a 5-man body elected by the new Assembly to prevent a new Robespierre
  • it was later overthrown by Napoleon in a coup d’ etat
25
Q

Coup d’ etat

A
  • the French word for coup
  • the sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government
26
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

A
  • a revolutionary general who overthrew the Directory
  • he was elected the ruler of France and ushered in a strong dictatorship
27
Q

Napoleonic Code

A
  • French civil code
  • reasserted the principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property
  • also restricted rights given to women by previous laws
28
Q

Concordat of 1801

A
  • an agreement signed by Napoleon and Pope Pius VII
  • the pope obtained the right for Catholics to worship freely
  • Napoleon now gained the ability to nominate bishops, pay the clergy and exert influence over the church
29
Q

Battle of Trafalgar (1805)

A
  • Napoleon’s attempt to attack Great Britain
  • his fleet was destroyed by Lord Nelson
30
Q

Continental System

A
  • a blockade imposed by Napoleon
  • halted all trade between Europe and Britain
  • weakened the British economy and military
31
Q

German Confederation of the Rhine

A
  • established by Napoleon
  • a union of 15 german states minus Austria, Prussia, and Saxony
  • Napoleon named himself protector of the confederation, firmly controlling it
32
Q

The “Russian Campaign”

A
  • Napoleon’s attempt at conquering Russia
  • he succeeded in burning down St. Petersburg
  • however, his attempt was unsuccessful
33
Q

Hundred Days

A
  • a frantic period after Napoleon escaped prison and took over Paris
  • the quadruple powers quickly got rid of him at Waterloo and sent him to St. Helena
34
Q

Congress of Vienna

A
  • consisted of the Quadruple alliance: Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain
  • attempted to restore the balance of power and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals

AP European History (16 decks)

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