Chapter 19: Landscape Dynamics

Question 1

A pattern of patches, corridors, and matrices in the landscape

Answer 1

Mosaic

Question 2

An area of habitat that differs from its surroundings and has sufficient resources to allow a population to persist

Answer 2

Patch

Question 3

Study of structure, function, and change in a heterogeneous landscape composed of interacting ecosystems

Answer 3

landscape ecology

Question 4

The communities that surround a patch on the landscape

Answer 4

matrix

Question 5

The place where the edge of one patch meets the edge of another adjacent patch (or surrounding matrix)

Answer 5

Boundary

Question 6

The extent to which a species of a population can move among patches within the matrix

Answer 6

connectivity

Question 7

Transition zone between two structurally different communities;

Wide borders that form a transition zone between adjoining patches

Answer 7

ecotone

Question 8

Species that are restricted exclusively to the edge or border environment

Answer 8

edge species

Question 9

Organisms that require large areas of habitat, even though their home ranges may be small

Answer 9

interior species

Question 10

Species that are at home in any size habitat patch

Answer 10

area-insensitive species

Question 11

Response of organisms, animals in particular, to environmental conditions created by the edge

Answer 11

edge effect

Question 12

patch size

Answer 12

Has a crucial influence on community structure, species diversity, and the presence and absence of species;

As a general rule, large patches of habitat contain a greater number of individuals (population size) and species (species richness) than do small patches;

The increase in population size for a given species with increasing area is simply a function of increasing the carrying capacity for the species

Question 13

Theory stating that the number of species established on an island represents a dynamic equilibrium between the immigration of new colonizing species and the extinction of previously established ones

Answer 13

theory of island biogeography

Question 14

3 types of connectivity

Answer 14

1) landscape
2) structural
3) functional

Question 15

Degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes the movement of organisms among patches;

Comprised of functional and structural connectivity

Answer 15

Landscape connectivity

Question 16

Degree to which patches on a landscape are contiguous or physically linked to one another

Answer 16

Structural connectivity

Question 17

The degree to which the landscape facilitates the movement of organisms

Answer 17

Functional connectivity

Question 18

A strip of a particular type of vegetation that differs from the land on both sides

Answer 18

Corridor

Question 19

In the theory of island biogeography, for an equilibrium species richness on an island (S), it is the rate at which one species is lost through extinction and a replacement species is gained through immigration

Answer 19

turnover rate

Question 20

Corridors that provide dispersal routes for some species but restrict the movement of others

Answer 20

filter effect

Question 21

Set of local communities that are linked by the dispersal of multiple potentially interacting species

Answer 21

metacommunity

Question 22

A discrete event in time that disrupts an ecosystem, community, or population, changing substrates and resource availability

Answer 22

disturbance

Question 23

Constantly changing pattern of patches as each patch passes through successive stages of development

Answer 23

shifting mosaic

Question 24

conservation corridors

Answer 24

Areas of protected land running between the reserves;

They link existing isolated protected areas into one large system;

They can facilitate the dispersal of plants and animals from one reserve to another;

They can also assist species that migrate seasonally to different habitats to obtain food or breed

Question 25

The fragmentation of larger continuous tracts of habitats, such as forest, shrubland, or grassland into a mosaic of smaller, often isolated places

Answer 25

habitat fragmentation