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Personality Theories > Chapter 19: Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Are personality disorders considered to be normative in most cultures?

A

No - people with personality disorders possess maladaptive traits, emotions, motives, cognition, and self-concept

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2
Q

What pattern are psychologists looking for to diagnose someone with a personality disorder?

A

Abnormal patterns, specifically patterns of experiences and behavior that do not fit in the context of a person’s culture

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3
Q

What if the pattern of behavior is infrequent? Can a person still have a personality disorder?

A

No, the patterns that define personality disorders are persistent and pervasive over a long period of time

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4
Q

What is the driving cause of personality disorder development?

A

Biology = considered the foundation for multiple personality disorders

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5
Q

Are personality disorders understood as a combination of standard personality traits?

A

Not entirely–personality disorders can develop from maladaptive variations or combinations of normal personality traits

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6
Q

Several personality disorders involve maladaptive variations on common motives, including…

A

Power and Intimacy

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7
Q

Do personality disorders have notable characteristics?

A

Yes, the characteristics of personality disorders manifest in an extreme fashion

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8
Q

Patterns must manifest in which 2+ areas?

A
  1. Cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self/other people)
  2. Affectivity (range, intensity, and appropriateness of emotional responses)
  3. Interpersonal functioning
  4. Impulse control
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9
Q

The Enduring pattern is ________ & __________ across different contexts and social situations.

A

inflexible and pervasive

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10
Q

The Enduring pattern is ___________ &__________ over time

A

stable and persists

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11
Q

The onset of the enduring pattern is traced back to

A

Childhood and adolescence

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12
Q

The enduring pattern is not from the manifestation or consequence of another ______ _______

A

mental disorder

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13
Q

The Enduring pattern is not from ______________ abuse

A

substance abuse, including drugs or medication of any kind

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14
Q

How would you define a psychological disorder based on your knowledge of characteristic and criterion information?

A

A psychological disorder is a patterned experience and behavior that is painful and distressing to a person

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15
Q

The pain and distress from having a psychological disorder leads to…

A

disability or impairment in important life domains

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16
Q

Psychological disorders are associated with the increased risk of…

A

suffering (pain), loss of function, death or confinement

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17
Q

Define abnormal psychology

A

study of mental disorder—including though disorders, emotional disorders, and personality disorders

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18
Q

What is the statistical and social definitions of abnormal?

A

Statistical = whatever is different from the norm (outlier in a set of data)

Social = whatever society does not tolerate or deem acceptable

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19
Q

Are statistical and social definitions tied to changing social or cultural norms?

A

Yes! Therefore, psychologists look within persons, inquiring about subjective feelings and feelings of loneliness

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20
Q

Before defining behavior as revealing a personality order, what three things must be taken into account?

A
  1. Culture
  2. Age
  3. Gender
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21
Q

How do we diagnose PD?

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) = helps define and classify mental disorders

Revised in 2013 – DSM-5-TR

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22
Q

Initial diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) was based on what type of view?

A

categorical view of personality disorders = one either had the disorder or they did not have the disorder

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23
Q

In 2013, the DSM-IV’s categorical view of personality disorders was almost replaced with what opposing type?

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A

Dimensional view of personality disorders = each disorder is seen as a continuum, ranging from normality at one end to severe disability/disturbance at the other end

24
Q

According to the dimensional view of personality disorders, people with and without a disorder only differ based on ____________

25
True or False: changes were made to the DSM-IV and psychologists did not stick with the categorical view of personality disorders?
False -- no change ended up being made
26
What are the implications of diagnosing (Dx) someone?
1. Treatment 2. Medication 3. Eligibility for disability 4. Perceptions of self & others perception of individual
27
What is the point of diagnosing disorders?
1. Can plan treatments, provide recommendations 2. Allows research to be conducted, 3. Insurance purposes 4. Psycho-education = therapeutic intervention for individual and their loved ones
28
Cluster A disorders are characterized by __________ thinking or behaviors
eccentric
29
Cluster A consists of which personality disorders?
Schizoid Schizotypal Paranoid
30
Schizoid and Schizotypal root from
schizophrenia = cutting the mind off from itself and from reality
31
Schizoid personality disorder
is a split off (schism) or detached from normal social relations --> not interest in forming relationships - detached from normal social relationships - obtains little pleasure from bodily or sensory experience - passive in the face of unpleasant events
32
Schizotypal personality disorder
a psychological disorder characterized by several traits that cause interpersonal issues... - anxious in social relations and avoids people - appears "different" and does not conform - odd and eccentric beliefs - disorganized thoughts and speech
33
Paranoid personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others - distrustful of others and harbors resentment - misinterprets social events as threatening - argumentative and hostile - believe in conspiracies
34
Cluster B disorders are characterized by _________ thoughts and behaviors
Erratic
35
What disorders fall under Cluster B?
Borderline Narcissistic Histrionic Antisocial
36
Borderline personality disorder
characterized by instability in identity, in affectivity, and impulse control - marked by instability of relationships, emotions, self-image - person fears abandonment (think of video where woman cuts her self and writes love letter in blood) - aggressive, prone to self-harm, and emotional
37
Narcissistic personality disorder
characterized by a grandiose sense of self and lack of insight into other people's feelings (lacks empathy) - incessant need to be admired - strong sense of self-importance - lack of insight into other people's feelings or needs - sense of entitlement - self-esteem appears strong but is fragile
38
Histrionic personality disorder
impulsive attention seeking behavior --> appear charming - marked by excessive attention seeking and emotionality - person is sexually provocative - opinions are shallow - has a strong need for attention
39
Antisocial personality disorder
general disregard for others and cares very little about the rights, feelings, and happiness of others --> sociopath or psychopath - person has little concern for others - impulsive and easily irritated - lack of guilt feelings or remorse - indifference to the suffering of others
40
What is psychopathy?
a condition marked by the absence of empathy and deficient emotional responses
41
True or False: Personas with BPD, compared to those without, have a higher incidence rate of childhood physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or early parental loss
True
42
Cluster C disorders are categorized by _________ thoughts and behaviors
anxious
43
What disorders fall under Cluster C?
Dependent Avoidant Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD)
44
Dependent personality disorder
long-standing need to be taken care of, self doubt, unable to make decisions independently --> rely on others and quite unhappy alone - excessive need to be taken care of - submissive - seek reassurance from others incessantly - rarely takes initiative and rarely disagrees with others
45
Avoidant personality disorder
- feelings of inadequacy - sensitivity to criticism - restriction of activities to avoid embarrassment - low-self esteem
46
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive obsessions and compulsions - preoccupied with order and perfection - rigid, inflexible and stubborn
47
What is prevalence?
refers to the total number of cases present within a given population during a particular period of time
48
What is the most prevalent personality disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder - prevalence rate is 4%
49
Which personality disorders have a prevalence rate of 2%?
Schizotypal, histrionic, and dependent personality
50
What is the least prevalent personality disorder?
Narcissistic personality disorder
51
True or False: it is difficult to get global prevalence accurate
True - high levels of heterogeneity in most studies - more large-scale studies with standardized methodologies are needed as most follow Westernized methods
52
Is antisocial personality disorder more prevalent among men or women?
men
53
Is borderline personality disorder more prevalent among men or women?
women
54
Is dependent personality disorder more prevalent among men or women?
women
55
Only distinctions made between normal personality traits and disorders are in terms of...
- Maladaptiveness - Extremity - Rigidity
56
Causes of personality disorders
Genetics --> has largest impact - plays a major role in the formation of schizotypal personality disorder Environment - childhood trauma and interpersonal relationships Combination of either creates antisocial personality disorder

Personality Theories (8 decks)

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