Chapter 19: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
breathing is also known as…
A
ventilation
2
Q
actions responsible for breathing:
A
inspiration & expiration
3
Q
respiratory cycle
A
1 inspiration & 1 expiration
4
Q
what muscles are involved with inspiration?
A
diaphragm & external intercostals; active
5
Q
what is the force that moves air into lungs?
A
atmospheric pressure
6
Q
inspiration
A
- pressure & volume inversely related
- if pressure inside alveoli decreases, atmospheric pressure pushes air into airways
- occurs at resting inspiration as phrenic nerves stimulate the diaphragm to contract down
- volume of thoracic cavity increases, & pressure decreases
- air rushes into thoracic cavity in response to pressure difference
7
Q
expiration
A
- passive
- elastic recoil of lung tissues & abdominal organs, as tissues return to original shape at end of inspiration
- surface tension that develop on moist surfaces of alveolar linings shrinks alveoli
8
Q
spirometry
A
different degrees of effort in breathing move different volumes of air in & out of lungs
9
Q
dead air spaces
A
air that does not reach functional alveoli
10
Q
3 types of dead air spaces
A
- anatomic
- alveolar
- physiologic
11
Q
anatomic space
A
space where no gas exchange occurs
12
Q
alveolar space
A
air reaches nonfunctional alveoli
13
Q
physiologic
A
anatomic & alveolar
14
Q
minute ventilation
A
- volume of new atmospheric air moved into respiratory passages each minute
- tidal volume x breathing/respiratory rate
- air can fluctuate
15
Q
alveolar ventilation
A
- tidal volume - physiologic dead space, x breathing rate
- volume of air that reaches alveoli each minute
- important value, since it impacts O2 & CO2 concentration in alveoli
