Chapter 19: Respiratory System Infections-Part 1

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Mouth
Nose, nasal cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 3

The respiratory tract is the most common…

Answer 3

Portal of entry for microbes

Question 4

First line defenses of respiratory system

Answer 4

Nasal hairs

Cilia

Question 5

Second line defenses of respiratory system

Answer 5

Macrophages

Question 6

Third line defenses of respiratory system

Answer 6

Pathogen-specific secretory IgA

Question 7

IgA is primarily fond in..

Answer 7

Mucosal regions of the body

Question 8

Normal biota are mainly found in the _____ respiratory tract

Answer 8

Upper

Question 9

Gram _______ bacteria are common in the normal biota of the respiratory tract

Answer 9

Positive

Streptococci and staphylococci

Question 10

Pathogenic strains of bacteria are kept in check by..

Answer 10

Other non pathogenic strains

Question 11

Candida albicans

Answer 11

(Yeast), colonizes the oral mucosa

Question 12

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 12

Strep throat, on of most common diseases of URT

Question 13

Symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 13

Difficulty swallowing, fever, red throat with pus patches, enlarged and tender lymph nodes
(localized to neck)

Question 14

Causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 14

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 15

Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics

Answer 15

Gram positive
Coccus in chains
Beta hemolytic

Question 16

Streptococcus progenies is commonly referred to as..

Answer 16

Group A streptococcus

Question 17

Why is streptococcus progenies commonly referred to as group A streptococcus?

Answer 17

Due to group A carbohydrate in cell wall, basis for identification from other organisms

Question 18

Pathogenesis of streptococcal pharyngitis is due to..

Answer 18

Numerous virulence factors

Question 19

Streptococcal pharyngitis virulence factors

Answer 19

Streptolysin O and S
Protein G
More used in other diseases

Question 20

Streptolysin O and S

Answer 20

Cause hemolysis

Question 21

Protein G

Answer 21

Used to inactivate antibody

Question 22

Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis infection

sequella

Answer 22

Scarlet fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute rheumatic fever

Question 23

Scarlet fever

Answer 23

Red rash and white coating on tongue

Question 24

Rheumatic fever

Answer 24

Ab-Ag complexes

Question 25

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Answer 25

Super antigens cause cytokines and mass inflammatory response to occur

Question 26

Acute glomerulonephritis and others can have..

Answer 26

Production of antibodies that accidentally cross react with heart valves and leave you with an auto immune disease

Question 27

Rapid diagnostic tests (S pyognes)

Answer 27

On pharyngeal swab specimens

Question 28

How do the rapid diagnostic tests work?

Answer 28

Use antibodies to detect group A streptococci | Bind to group A carbohydrate

Question 29

Culturing

Answer 29

Of pharyngeal swab specimens

Question 30

How does culturing of streptococcus pyogenes work?

Answer 30

- Plated on sheep blood agar - S pyogenes causes beta-hemolysis - Bacitracin disc test

Question 31

What must be distinguished with the S. progenies culture?

Answer 31

Distinguish from beta-hemolytic group B streptococci and enerococci

Question 32

Treatment for Strep

Answer 32

Penicillin as many group A streptococci resistant to erythromycin

Question 33

What should you use for patients with penicillin allergies?

Answer 33

First generation cephalosporin

Question 34

Prevention of strep

Answer 34

No vaccine | Hand washing

Question 35

Common cold symptoms

Answer 35

``` Malaise Mild sore throat Runny nose Cough and hoarseness Nasal secretion ```

Question 36

Common cold symptoms disappear in about..

Answer 36

1 week

Question 37

Causative agent of common cold

Answer 37

30% - 50% caused by rhinoviruses

Question 38

Rhinoviruses refer to the..

Answer 38

Nose

Question 39

Characteristics of rhinoviruses

Answer 39

Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA genome

Question 40

First step in common cold pathogenesis

Answer 40

Virus attaches to specific receptors on respiratory epithelial cells and multiply in cells

Question 41

What happens after viruses are released from infected cells in the common cold?

Answer 41

Injured cells cause inflammation which stimulates nasal secretion, sneezing and tissue swelling

Question 42

Common cold infection is halted by..

Answer 42

Inflammatory response, interferon release and immune response

Question 43

Common cold treatment

Answer 43

Supportive with OTC medications