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BIOL 3320 > Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels, and blood

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3
Q

Why do we need oxygen?

A

ATP synthesis

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4
Q

Approximately how much ATP do we need in a day?

A

around 100 lbs ATP/day

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5
Q

Why does our body constantly need to take in oxygen for ATP production?

A

Our body can only store enough ATP to last minutes or seconds at a time.

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6
Q

systole

A

contracted

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7
Q

diastole

A

relaxed

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8
Q

major divisions of circulatory system

A

pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

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9
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

right side of heart; carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to heart

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10
Q

systemic circuit

A

left side of heart; supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns it to the heart

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11
Q

Does the left side of the heart receive oxygenated or oxygen-poor blood?

A

oxygenated blood

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12
Q

Where does the blood on the left side of the heart arrive from?

A

the lungs via pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Where is blood sent from the left side of the heart?

A

all organs of the body via aorta

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14
Q

Does the right side of the heart receive oxygenated or oxygen-poor blood?

A

oxygen-poor blood

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15
Q

Where does the blood on the right side of the heart arrive from?

A

inferior and superior venae cava

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16
Q

Where is blood sent from the left side of the heart?

A

lungs via pulmonary trunk

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17
Q

What direction do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart

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18
Q

Do arteries carry oxygenated or oxygen-poor blood?

A

oxygenated blood

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19
Q

What direction do veins carry blood?

A

toward the heart

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20
Q

Do veins typically carry oxygenated or oxygen-poor blood?

A

typically oxygen-poor blood

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21
Q

What are the only veins that carries oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary veins

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22
Q

base of heart

A

wide, superior portion of heart; large vessels attach here

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23
Q

apex of heart

A

tapered inferior end of heart; tilts left

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24
Q

What does the apex push into?

A

left lung

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25
How are the right and left lungs shaped relative to each other?
The right lung is wider and shorter, and the left lung is narrower and taller.
26
mediastinum
area between lungs; location of heart
27
pericardium
double-walled sac that encloses heart; anchored to diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly
28
function of pericardium
allows heart to beat without friction, provides room to expand, resists excessive expansion
29
parietal pericardium
pericardial sac; superficial fibrous layer of connective tissue; deep, thin serous layer
30
pericardial cavity
space inside the pericardial sac filled with 5-30mL pericardial fluid
31
pericarditis
painful inflammation of membranes
32
layers of the heart wall
epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
33
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
serous membrane covering heart; adipose in thick layers in some places; coronary blood vessels travel through this layer
34
myocardium
layer of cardiac muscle proportional to work load; muscle spirals around heart producing wringing motion; fibrous skeleton of heart: framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
35
function of fibrous skeleton of myocardium
provide structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue; electrical insulation between atria and ventricles: important for timing and coordination of contractile activity
36
Why is the myocardium thicker on the left side of the heart?
The left side has to pump blood throughout the body, so it needs more cardiac muscle to match the workload.
37
endocardium
smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels; covers the valve surfaces and is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
38
chambers of heart
right and left atria and right and left ventricles
39
right and left atria
superior chambers of heart; receive blood returning to heart; auricles (seen on surface) enlarge chamber
40
right and left ventricles
inferior chambers of heart; pump blood into arteries
41
interatrial septum
wall that separates atria
42
pectinate muscles
internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles
43
interventricular septum
muscular wall that separates ventricles
44
trabecular carneae
internal ridges in both ventricles; may prevent ventricle walls from sticking together after contraction
45
atrioventricular sulcus
separates atria and ventricles
46
interventricular sulcus
overlies the inter ventricular septum that divides the right ventricle from the left
47
Sulci contain...
...coronary arteries.
48
function of valves
ensuring one-way flow of blood through heart
49
atrioventricular (AV) valves
control blood flow between atria and ventricles
50
tricuspid valve
right AV valve
51
mitral (formerly bicuspid) valve
left AV valve
52
chordae tendineae
cords connecting AV valves to papillary muscles on floor of ventricles
53
function of chordae tendineae
prevent AV valves from flipping or bulging into atria when ventricles contract
54
papillary muscles
each has 2-3 attachments to heart floor to distribute physical stress, coordinate timing of electrical conduction, and provide redundancy
55
semilunar valves
control flow into great arteries; open and close bc of blood flow and pressure
56
pulmonary (semilunar) valve
in opening between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
57
aortic (semilunar) valve
in opening between left ventricle and aorta
58
When the ventricles relax...
...pressure drops inside the ventricles, semilunar valves close as blood attempts to back up into the ventricles from the vessels, AV valves open, and blood flows from atria to ventricles.
59
When the ventricles contract...
...AV valves close as blood attempts to back up into atria, pressure rises inside of the ventricles, and semilunar valves open and blood flows into great vessels.
60
Blood enters the right atrium from...
...the superior and inferior venae cavae.
61
Blood in right atrium flows through...
...right AV valve into right ventricle.
62
Contraction of right ventricle...
...is simultaneous with contraction of left ventricle and forces pulmonary valve open.
63
Blood flows through pulmonary valve into...
...pulmonary trunk.
64
Blood in pulmonary trunk is distributed by...
...right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it unloads CO2 and loads O2.
65
Blood returns from lungs via...
...pulmonary veins to left atrium.
66
Blood in left atrium flows through...
...left AV valve into left ventricle.
67
Contraction of left ventricle...
...is simultaneous with contraction of right ventricle and forces aortic valve open.
68
Blood flows through aortic valve into...
...ascending aorta.
69
Blood in aorta is...
...distributed to every organ in the body, where it unloads O2 and loads CO2.
70
Blood returns to right atrium via...
venae cavae.
71

BIOL 3320 (2 decks)

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