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Bio 150 Exam 3 > Chapter 19 - The Circulatory System: Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - The Circulatory System: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood?
A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Aorta and vena cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries

A

D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries

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2
Q

Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?
A. Aorta and venae cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

A

E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

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3
Q 
Which of the following is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart?  
A.  Parietal pericardium 
B.  Visceral pericardium 
C.  Endocardium 
D.  Epicardium 
E.  Myocardium
A

A. Parietal pericardium

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4
Q 
The heart is located in the space called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  pericardial cavity 
B.  mediastinum 
C.  abdominal cavity 
D.  pleural cavity 
E.  myocardium
A

B. mediastinum

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5
Q

The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body.
A. to the right
B. to the left
C. in the center

A

B. to the left

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6
Q 
Pericardial fluid is found between the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  visceral pericardium; myocardium 
B.  visceral pericardium; epicardium 
C.  parietal; visceral membranes 
D.  myocardium; endocardium 
E.  epicardium; myocardium
A

C. parietal; visceral membranes

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7
Q

The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.
A. visceral percardia; parietal pericardia
B. ventricles; atria
C. atria; ventricles
D. left ventricles; right ventricles
E. left atria; right atria

A

C. atria; ventricles

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8
Q 
The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  coronary sinus 
B.  interventricular sulcus 
C.  interventricular septum 
D.  coronary sulcus 
E.  left atrium
A

B. interventricular sulcus

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9
Q 
The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. apex; base
B. atrium; ventricle
C. ventricle; atrium
D. base; apex
E. endocardium; epicardium
A

D. base; apex

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10
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ performs the work of the heart.  
A.  fibrous skeleton 
B.  pericardial cavity 
C.  endocardium 
D.  myocardium 
E.  epicardium
A

D. myocardium

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11
Q 
The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  right atrium; left atrium 
B.  right atrium; right ventricle 
C.  right atrium; left ventricle 
D.  left atrium; left ventricle 
E.  left ventricle; right ventricle
A

B. right atrium; right ventricle

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12
Q

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.
A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
B. right AV (tricuspid) valve only
C. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves
D. left AV (mitral) valve only
E. pulmonary and aortic valves

A

A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

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13
Q 
Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  breathing 
B.  gravity 
C.  valves contracting and relaxing 
D.  osmotic gradients 
E.  pressure gradients
A

E. pressure gradients

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14
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.  
A.  right atrioventricular 
B.  left atrioventricular 
C.  aortic 
D.  pulmonary 
E.  mitral
A

D. pulmonary

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15
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carry blood toward the lungs.  
A.  pulmonary arteries and veins 
B.  pulmonary trunk and arteries 
C.  pulmonary trunk and veins 
D.  superior and inferior venae cavae 
E.  aorta and pulmonary arteries
A

B. pulmonary trunk and arteries

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16
Q 
Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?  
A.  Pulmonary trunk 
B.  Ascending aorta 
C.  Superior vena cava 
D.  Inferior vena cava 
E.  Right pulmonary vein
A

A. Pulmonary trunk

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17
Q 
The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the ventricles.  
A.  papillary muscles 
B.  pectinate muscles 
C.  trabeculae carnae 
D.  interventricular septum 
E.  interatrial septum
A

A. papillary muscles

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18
Q 
After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  right ventricle 
B.  pulmonary trunk 
C.  superior vena cava 
D.  ascending aorta 
E.  left atrium
A

C. superior vena cava

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19
Q 
Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?  
A.  Right coronary artery 
B.  Great cardiac vein 
C.  Right coronary vein 
D.  Left coronary artery 
E.  Left coronary vein
A

D. Left coronary artery

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20
Q 
Obstruction of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.  
A.  left marginal vein 
B.  left coronary artery (LCA) 
C.  posterior interventricular vein 
D.  anterior interventricular branch 
E.  circumflex branch
A

B. left coronary artery (LCA)

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21
Q

Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
A. Muscle fiber striations
B. Dependence upon nervous stimulation
C. Communication via electrical (gap) junctions
D. Intercalated discs
E. Autorhythmicity

A

A. Muscle fiber striations

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22
Q

The __________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
A. sympathetic division of the nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system
C. sinoatrial (SA) node
D. atrioventricular (AV) node
E. cardiac conduction system

A

C. sinoatrial (SA) node

23
Q

Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system?
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node
B. Tendinous cords
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node
D. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
E. Purkinje fibers

A

B. Tendinous cords

24
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?
A. They depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
B. They are rich in glycogen.
C. They have larger than average mitochondria.
D. They are very rich in myoglobin.
E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.

A

E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.

25
Q

Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers  cardiocyte in LV
B. Atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  sinoatrial (SA) node  cardiocyte in LV
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node  sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  Purkinje fibers  cardiocyte in LV
D. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  Purkinje fibers  cardiocyte in LV
E. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) node  Purkinje fibers  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  cardiocyte in LV

A

D. Sinoatrial (SA) node  atrioventricular (AV) node  atrioventricular (AV) bundle  Purkinje fibers  cardiocyte in LV

26
Q 
The pacemaker potential is a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  Na+ inflow 
B.  Na+ outflow 
C.  K+ inflow 
D.  K+ outflow 
E.  Ca2+ inflow
A

A. Na+ inflow

27
Q 
The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  Na+ inflow 
B.  K+ inflow 
C.  K+ outflow 
D.  fast Ca2+ channels 
E.  slow Ca2+ channels
A

E. slow Ca2+ channels

28
Q 
When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiocyte \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  sharply hyperpolarizes 
B.  sharply repolarizes 
C.  sharply depolarizes 
D.  plateaus 
E.  has no reponse
A

C. sharply depolarizes

29
Q 
Cells of the sinoatrial node \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ during the pacemaker potential.  
A.  depolarize fast 
B.  depolarize slow 
C.  repolarize slow 
D.  repolarize fast 
E.  depolarize slow and repolarize fast
A

B. depolarize slow

30
Q 
Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  ectopic focus 
B.  sinus rhythm 
C.  nodal rhythm 
D.  heart block 
E.  arrhythmia
A

E. arrhythmia

31
Q 
If the sinoatrial (SA) node is damaged, the heart will likely beat at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bpm.  
A.  0 to 10 
B.  10 to 20 
C.  20 to 40 
D.  40 to 50 
E.  70 to 80
A

D. 40 to 50

32
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.  
A.  extracellular fluid 
B.  mitochondria 
C.  sarcoplasmic reticulum 
D.  Golgi apparatus 
E.  cytoskeleton
A

C. sarcoplasmic reticulum

33
Q 
Atrial systole begins \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  immediately before the P wave 
B.  immediately after the P wave 
C.  during the Q wave 
D.  during the S-T segment 
E.  immediately after the T wave
A

B. immediately after the P wave

34
Q 
Atrial depolarization causes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  P wave 
B.  QRS complex 
C.  T wave 
D.  first heart sound 
E.  quiescent period
A

A. P wave

35
Q 
The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ staying longer in the cytosol.  
A.  Na+ 
B.  K+ 
C.  Ca2+ 
D.  Cl- 
E.  Na+, K+, and Ca2+
A

C. Ca2+

36
Q

The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes _________.
A. ensures a short twitch
B. prevents tetanus
C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias
D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses
E. causes the pacemaker potential

A

B. prevents tetanus

37
Q

An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?
A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
B. The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.
C. Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.
D. Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.
E. The atria are not contracting

A

A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.

38
Q

If two QRS complexes occur before a P wave it means the __________.
A. atria are contracting too quickly
B. SA node is not functioning at all
C. the heart is in ventricular fibrillation
D. the ventricles have contracted prematurely
E. the AV node is not functioning

A

E. the AV node is not functioning

39
Q 
In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  R wave 
B.  QRS wave 
C.  P wave 
D.  S wave 
E.  T wave
A

E. T wave

40
Q 
When the left ventricle contracts, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve closes and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve is pushed open.  
A.  mitral; pulmonary 
B.  right AV; pulmonary 
C.  right AV; aortic 
D.  mitral; aortic 
E.  aortic; pulmonary
A

D. mitral; aortic

41
Q 
Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when the ventricles contract.  
A.  left atrium 
B.  right atrium 
C.  aorta 
D.  pulmonary trunk 
E.  pulmonary arteries
A

A. left atrium

42
Q 
Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the electrocardiogram.  
A.  P wave 
B.  P-Q segment 
C.  R wave 
D.  S-T segment 
E.  T wave
A

C. R wave

43
Q 
During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  falls rapidly 
B.  rises rapidly 
C.  remains constant 
D.  rises and then falls 
E.  falls and then rises
A

B. rises rapidly

44
Q 
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ heart sound that occurs when the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  lubb (S1); atria contract 
B.  dupp (S2); atria relax 
C.  lubb (S1); ventricles contract 
D.  dupp (S2); ventricles relax 
E.  lubb (S1); ventricles relax
A

C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract

45
Q

Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?
A. Ventricular filling  isovolumetric contraction  isovolumetric relaxation  ventricular ejection
B. Ventricular filling  isovolumetric relaxation  isovolumetric contraction  ventricular ejection
C. Ventricular filling  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric contraction  isovolumetric relaxation
D. Ventricular filling  isovolumetric relaxation  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric contraction
E. Ventricular filling  isovolumetric contraction  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric relaxation

A

E. Ventricular filling  isovolumetric contraction  ventricular ejection  isovolumetric relaxation

46
Q 
Most of the ventricle filling occurs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  during atrial systole 
B.  when the AV valve is closed 
C.  during ventricular systole 
D.  during atrial diastole 
E.  during isovolumetric contraction
A

D. during atrial diastole

47
Q 
When the ventricles relax, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.  
A.  aortic 
B.  pulmonary 
C.  mitral 
D.  left AV 
E.  right AV
A

A. aortic

48
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle __________.
A. can cause pulmonary edema
B. can cause systemic edema
C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle
D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle
E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles

A

B. can cause systemic edema

49
Q 
Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mL/beat and his HR is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bpm.  
A.  30; 80 
B.  40; 60 
C.  80; 30 
D.  150; 16 
E.  16; 150
A

A. 30; 80

50
Q 
Stroke volume is increased by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  high arterial blood pressure 
B.  negative inotropic agents 
C.  increased venous return 
D.  increased afterload 
E.  dehydration
A

C. increased venous return

51
Q 
The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  cardiac reserve 
B.  preload 
C.  afterload 
D.  stroke volume 
E.  cardiac output
A

E. cardiac output

52
Q

Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.
A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints
D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid

A

D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

53
Q 
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  the end-systolic volume 
B.  the end-diastolic volume 
C.  the afterload 
D.  the heart rate 
E.  contractility
A

B. the end-diastolic volume

54
Q 
Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ compared to other liquids. 
A. more dense
B. less dense
C. darker in color
D. lighter in color
E. warmer
A

A. more dense

Bio 150 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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