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Biology Unit 1: Ecology > Chapter 19.4/20.1/20.2 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 19.4/20.1/20.2 Terms Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Characteristic of Life

A

Metabolism, reproduction, growth, homeostasis, response to stimuli, evolution, and organization/cells

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Living/was living

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

Not living/never living

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4
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The thing that is measured depends on the experiment

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5
Q

Independent Variable

A

The thing that changes and does not depend on the experiment

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6
Q

Control Variable/Constant

A

The thing(s) that stays the same

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7
Q

Prey

A

An organism that gets eaten by another organism

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8
Q

10% Rule

A

Every time energy gets passed through an organism, 10% of it is lost

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9
Q

Predator

A

An organism that eats another organism

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9
Q

Greenhouse Gas

A

Energy that get trapped in the atmosphere

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10
Q

Predator-Prey Cycle

A

Prey gets eaten by predators that get eaten by bigger predators

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11
Q

Mechanical Defense

A

A body part or appendage that serves a role in defense

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12
Q

Physical Defense

A

A physical appearance that helps protect the animal

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13
Q

Chemical Defense

A

USe of a chemical agent in defense

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14
Q

Behavioral Defense

A

a behavior or action that helps the animal survive

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15
Q

Competitive Exclusion Principle

A

When two species share the same resources in the same area but can’t survive together

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16
Q

Mimicry

A

A type of physical Defense mechanism whereby one species adapts the appearance of a different species that predators know not to mess with

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

When two different species has a mutual relationship

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18
Q

Mutualism

A

When both organisms are benefitted

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19
Q

Commensalism

A

When one organism is benefited but the other is neither harmed nor benefitted

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

When one organism is benefitted but the other is harmed

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21
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number of different species’ total number of individuals in an area

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22
Q

Species Richness

A

The number of of species living in a particular place

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23
Q

Relative Abundance

A

The number of individuals in a species relative to the total number of individuals of all species in the system

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24
Species Evenness
The percentages of species that are equal to each other in a species richness
25
Primary Succession
When new land is created through volcanic activity and is full of rocks so pioneer species can break it down
26
Keystone Species
Species that holds an ecosystem together
26
Foundation Species
Species that create an ecosystem that supports other species
27
Environmental Disturbance
Disturbance/ change in an environment
28
Secondary Succession
When a Climax Community is disturbed but can recover without pioneer species
29
Ecosystem
A community of organisms and their Abiotic environment
30
Pioneer Species
Appears when Primary Succession happens so it can break down rocks to allow plants and animals to grow and thrive
30
Climax Community
When a community is equilibrium after a succession
31
Resilience
The ability to recover from a disturbance
31
Equilibrium
A dynamic state of an ecosystem that always stays balanced/stable
31
Resistance
The ability to withstand a disturbance
32
Food Chain
A sequence of how one organism passes energy to another
33
Food Web
An interconnected set of food chains
34
Trophic Level
Producer to Primary consumers, to Secondary consumers, to Tertiary consumers, to Quaternary consumers
35
Producer
Autographs: gets energy from sunlight; is eaten by primary consumers
36
Primary Consumer
Eats producers; is eaten by secondary consumers
37
Tertiary Consumer
Eats secondary consumers; is eaten by quaternary consumers
37
Secondary Consumer
Eats primary consumers; is eaten by tertiary consumers
38
Gross Primary Productivity
The amount carbon is turned into oxygen by all producers in an ecosystem
38
Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food
38
Quaternary Consumer
Eats tertiary consumers; are apex predators
39
Biogeochemical Cycle
The six major elements, CHNOPS, that is exchanged throughout Earth by organisms and Earth's features
39
Net Primary Productivity
The amount of carbon produced by primary producers
40
Biomagnification
The amount of toxins that are consumed and passed to another consumer, which increases by 10%
41
CHNOPS
The 6 main elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
42
Hydrosphere
The amount of fresh/salt water in the atmosphere and on/in the ground
43
Water Cycle
Evaporation and sublimation to condensation and precipitation, to surface water flow, to surface runoff and snowmelt, to streamflow
44
Evaporation
When liquids turns into gas
45
Condensation
When gas turns into liquid
46
Precipitation
Rains/snow/sleet
47
Run-off
When water falls from the sky then flows into a water source
48
Carbon Cycle
The movement of carbon that is exchanged throughout different organisms, Earth, and the atmosphere
49
Carbon Store
Carbon that is stored in carbon reservoirs in the atmosphere, bodies of water, and Earth's other features
49
Carbon Sink
Things that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere (plants, oceans, and soil)
50
Carbon Source
Organisms that breathe in oxygen and turns it into carbon; people burning fossil fuels
51
Eutrophication
Then Nitrogen and Phosphorus in fertilizer get into water sources and create dead zones
51
Nitrogen Cycle
How nitrogen is converted to different elements then exchanged throughout Earth's features
52
Sulfur Cycle
How sulfur is exchanged throughout Earth's features and organisms
53
Phosphorus Cycle
How it changes into different elements and exchanged throughout soil, water, and dead organic materials

Biology Unit 1: Ecology (1 decks)

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