Chapter 1A: Nervous System

Question 1

Hairlike receptors on the ends of neurons

Answer 1

Dendrite

Question 2

Basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 2

Neuron

Question 3

Cell body

Answer 3

Soma ***

Question 4

Long extension leading away from the soma/cell body

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

Fatty layer of tissue that surrounds an axon

Answer 5

Myelin sheath

Question 6

Cells that help to make up the myelin sheath

Answer 6

Schwaan cell

Question 7

Gap between neurons

Answer 7

Synapse

Question 8

Neuron that receives incoming stimuli

Answer 8

Sensory neuron

Question 9

Neuron that passes impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

Answer 9

Interneuron

Question 10

Motor connected to a muscle (effector) that carries out an impulse

Answer 10

Motor neuron

Question 11

Firing of a neuron, also known as depolarization

Answer 11

Action potential

Question 12

Minimum stimulus required to cause a response

Answer 12

Threshold level

Question 13

Neuron will completely fire or not at all

Answer 13

All or none response

Question 14

Excititatory neurotransmitter found in synapses of neurons. Stimulates skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Neurotransmitters of the CNS

Answer 15

Adrenalin / noradrenalin

Question 16

Outer region of the brain (cerebrum) involved in thought and reasoning

Answer 16

Cerebral cortex

Question 17

Part of the brain stem. Regulates many involuntary activities including increasing heart rate

Answer 17

Medulla oblongata

Question 18

Found at the base of the brain. Decreases heart rate

Answer 18

Vagus nerve***

Question 19

Region of the brain that controls motor coordination and balance

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Relay Center between the medulla and cerebellum

Answer 20

Pons

Question 21

Band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Relay center between left and right hemispheres

Answer 21

Corpus Callosum

Question 22

Support and nourish neurons in the brain

Answer 22

Glial cells ***

Question 23

Nerve tissue that is myelinated

Answer 23

White matter

Question 24

Nerve tissue that is unmyelinated

Answer 24

Grey matter

Question 25

Folds in the brain

Answer 25

Gyri***

Question 26

Protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Answer 26

Meninges

Question 27

Made up of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 27

Central nervous system a.k.a. CNS

Question 28

Made up of nerves supplying the brain and spinal cord

Answer 28

Peripheral nervous system a.k.a. PNS

Question 29

Nerve root that is connected to a sensory neuron in the spinal cord

Answer 29

Dorsal root

Question 30

Nerve root that is connected to a motor neuron

Answer 30

Ventral root

Question 31

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 31

ANS

Question 32

Part of the ANS. Prepares body for emergencies.

Answer 32

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 33

Part of the ANS. Brings the body back to normal after an emergency.

Answer 33

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 34

Enzyme that destroys acetylcholine in a synapse

Answer 34

Cholinesterase

Question 35

Pump in a neuron that actively removes after an action potential. Removes 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions it brings in.

Answer 35

Sodium Potassium Pump.