Chapter 2

Question 1

constitution

Answer 1

A nation’s basic law. It creates political institution, assigns or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Constitutions can be written or unwritten

Question 2

Declaration of Independence

Answer 2

The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared there independence

Question 3

natural rights

Answer 3

Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to English philosopher John Locke’s theories about government, and was widely accepted among America’s Founding Fathers

Question 4

consent of the governed

Answer 4

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people

Question 5

limited government

Answer 5

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens

Question 6

Articles of confederation

Answer 6

The first constitution of the United states, adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. The articles established a national legislature, the continental congress, but most authority rested with the state legislature

Question 7

Shay’s rebellion

Answer 7

Aseries of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary war Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.

Question 8

US constitution

Answer 8

The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of US government and the tasks these institutions perform. replaced the AOC

Question 9

factions

Answer 9

Interest groups arising from unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist papers #10

Question 10

New Jersey Plan

Answer 10

Equal representation in the choices of government

Question 11

Virginia plan

Answer 11

Representation based on states population in government choices

Question 12

Connecticut compromise

Answer 12

New jersey plan=Senate

Virginia plan=House of representatives

Question 13

writ of habeas corpus

Answer 13

A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody

Question 14

Separation of powers

Answer 14

A feature of the constitution that requires the three branches of government cant control each other and power is shared equally

Question 15

checks and balances

Answer 15

limits governments power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions

Question 16

Federalists

Answer 16

supporters of the US constitution

Question 17

Anti-Federalists

Answer 17

Opposition of the US constitution

Question 18

Federalists Papers

Answer 18

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the “Publius” to defend the constitution in detail

Question 19

Bill of Rights

Answer 19

the first ten amendments to the US constitution

Question 20

Equal rights amendment

Answer 20

An amendment passed in 1972 stating that rights will not be denied to anybody based on gender.

Question 21

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 21

established the court’s power of judicial review over acts of congress.

Question 22

judicial review

Answer 22

The power of the courts to decide whether the acts of congress are in accord with the US constitution

Question 23

republic

Answer 23

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.