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Rad Science > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is excitation?

A

Electrons in a atom are moved to a higher energy state without being removed from the atom

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2
Q

What is the equation for velocity of all EM radiation ( speed of light)

A

C=3x10^8 m/sec

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3
Q

What is electrical energy

A

•electricity

Results from movement of electrons in conductor

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4
Q

What is electromagnetic energy (EM)

A

Combination of electric and magnetic fields traveling through space
(Wavelike energy disturbance)

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5
Q

What are horizontal periods on the periodic table?

A

Elements that have the same number of electron shells

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6
Q

What is electron binding energy? (Eb)

A

The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the shell
(Unit of measure= eV electron volt)

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7
Q

What are vertical groups on the periodic table?

A

The same number of valence electrons

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8
Q

What is the atomic mass unit (AMU)

A

The mass of particles in the atom

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9
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation

A

The natural part of the environment in which we live

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10
Q

What is the atomic mass number

A

It is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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11
Q

What are shells

A

Energy level shells determined by the distance from the nucleus

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12
Q

What is ionization

A

The process of adding or removing an electron

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13
Q

What is energy(J)

A

Force used to do work

• Unit of energy joule (J)

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14
Q

What is a wave

A

Electromagnetic energy that travels through space

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15
Q

What are three x-ray properties

A

Electrically neutral, can ionize matter, Can travel at the speed of light

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16
Q

What is the relationship between matter and energy

A

E=mc^2

Cannot be created or destroyed

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17
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost an electron

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18
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Details of all various forms of electromagnetic radiation

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19
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

Is obtained by breaking bonds between particles within the nucleus

20
Q

What is heat energy

A

Results from movement of molecules

21
Q

What is chemical energy

A

It is energy released from a chemical reaction

22
Q

What are two types of mechanical energy

A

Potential, kinetic

23
Q

What is the formula for work

A

Work =equals forcexdistance

24
Q

What is the formula for figuring out how many electrons are in each shell

A

2n^2

25
Q

What is an isotope

A

It is atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

26
Q

Where are electrons

A

They surround the nucleus and cannot be divided into smaller particles

27
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

28
Q

What are the two types of substances

A
  • simple (element)- cannot be broken down/periodic table

* complex(compound)- Two or more elements chemically united in definite proportions

29
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more substances combined

30
Q

What is weight

A

The force an object exerts under gravity

31
Q

What is mass

A

The quantity of matter contained in the object



32
Q

What are the two branches of natural science

A

Physical and biological

33
Q

What is valence

A

The Chemical combining characteristic of an element determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell

34
Q

What items can be divided into what three particles

A

Neutrons protons and electrons

35
Q

Where is the atomic weight and atomic number found on the elements on the periodic table

A

Atomic weight is found at the bottom of the element in the atomic number is found on the top or upper right hand corner of the element

36
Q

How are the elements listed on the periodic table

A

In ascending order based on their an atomic weight

37
Q

How many elements are on the periodic table

A

92 naturally occuring

11 lab created

38
Q

What is the octet rule

A

An atom can never have more than eight electrons in the outer shell noble gases

39
Q

How do you find the number of protons in the nucleus

A

By looking at the atomic number at the top of the given element

40
Q

How do you figure the number of neutrons in the nucleus

A

By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass

41
Q

When you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass what will it tell you

A

How many neutrons are in the nucleus

42
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

43
Q

What is the symbol for atomic number

A

Z

44
Q

What charges do protons electrons and neutrons have

A

Neutrons neutral, protons positive, electrons negative

45
Q

Who discovered x-rays

A

Wilhelm Conrad

46
Q

What is a molecule

A

Two or more atoms that are chemically united

47
Q

What is the equation for velocity

A

Velocity=frequency x wavelength

V=v x A

Rad Science (1 decks)

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