Chapter 2

Question 1

Pharmaceutics

Answer 1

the study of quantitative aspects of drug delivery

Question 2

pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

concerned with movement of drugs within body

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

concerned with effects of drugs and mechanism of action

Question 4

adverse drug reaction

Answer 4

hypersensitivity, allergic reaction

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

substance that initiates physiological response when combined with a receptor

Question 6

antagonist

Answer 6

substance that interferes or inhibits physiological action of another

Question 7

blood brain barrier

Answer 7

filtering mechanism of blood to brain and spinal cord

Question 8

contradictions

Answer 8

features of a situation opposed to one another

Question 9

dependence

Answer 9

state of relying on

Question 10

drug interactions

Answer 10

change in the way a drug acts in body with certain other drugs, herbs, foods, etc

Question 11

duration of action

Answer 11

length of time drug is effective

Question 12

half life

Answer 12

time for half of given drug to be removed from body

Question 13

incompatibility

Answer 13

incapable of co-existing

Question 14

onset of action

Answer 14

length of time it takes for a med to start working

Question 15

peak level

Answer 15

drug level in body is the highest

Question 16

therapeutic effect

Answer 16

response after treatment

Question 17

tolerance

Answer 17

capacity to endure continued subjection to something

Question 18

toxicology

Answer 18

measurement and analysis of potential toxins

Question 19

trough level

Answer 19

concentration reached by drug immediately before next dose administered, lowest drug level in body

Question 20

chemical name

Answer 20

describes drugs chemical compound and molecular structure

Question 21

generic name

Answer 21

name given by US Adopted Names Council

Question 22

trade name

Answer 22

drug has a registered trademark manufacturer

Question 23

prototypical drug

Answer 23

first drug in class of drugs

Question 24

bioavailability

Answer 24

extent of drug absorption

Question 25

first pass effect

Answer 25

large proportion of drug chemical changed to inactive by liver metabolism, small number into circulation

Question 26

What type of drugs have a higher first pass rate?

Answer 26

oral drugs

Question 27

An oral dose is usually higher than an IV dose because of what?

Answer 27

liver metabolism

Question 28

What is metabolism controlled by?

Answer 28

the liver and its enzymes

Question 29

methods of drug excretion include...

Answer 29

renal, biliary, bowel

Question 30

#1 route of excretion of a drug

Answer 30

renal

Question 31

What does half life measure?

Answer 31

rate of elimination (metabolism and excretion)

Question 32

How many half lives for total drug elimination in body?

Answer 32

Approximately 5

Question 33

enteral route

Answer 33

goes through GI tract, absorbed into systemic circulation through oral or gastric mucosa or small intestine

Question 34

Drugs with what letters can not be crushed?

Answer 34

SR, SA, CR, XL, XT

Question 35

types of enteral routes

Answer 35

oral, SL, buccal, rectal

Question 36

enteral route types of drugs fastest to slowest release

Answer 36

Fastest to Slowest -oral wafers, buccal tablets -liquids, elixirs, syrups -suspension solutions -powders -capsules -tablets -coated tablets -enteric coated tablets

Question 37

parenteral route

Answer 37

not through GI tract

Question 38

examples of parenteral route...

Answer 38

IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal, intraarteriol, intrathecal (cavity), intraarticular

Question 39

topical routes

Answer 39

skin (patches), eyes, ears, nose, lungs (inhalers), rectum, vagina

Question 40

medication use processes which errors can occur

Answer 40

prescribing, dispensing, administering, monitering