Chapter 2

Question 1

Term:

Answer 1

A single word or a group of words that can be the subject of a statement.

Question 2

Vague Term:

Answer 2

there is no clear or distinct meaning that is attached to it.

Question 3

Ambiguous Term:

Answer 3

has several meanings

Question 4

Imprecise Term:

Answer 4

sloppy use of a term, there may be connotations that cause confusion.

Question 5

Intension:

Answer 5

The intension of a term is specified by listing the properties or attributes that the term connotes. (It sense.)

Question 6

Class:

Answer 6

A group of objects.

Question 7

Class:

Answer 7

The class or collection of objects to which the term applies. (It’s reference.)

Question 8

Extension:

Answer 8

The class or collection of objects to which the term applies. (It’s reference.)

Question 9

Empty class:

Answer 9

A class with zero members.

Question 10

Logic and Language

Answer 10

Ambiguity, for example, ‘rich’
Vagueness, for example, ‘right’
Imprecision, for example, ‘regime’

Question 11

Intension:

Answer 11

Specified by listing the properties or attributes that the term connotes

Question 12

Extension:

Answer 12

The class of objects to which the term applies, what the term denotes

Question 13

Increasing extension

Answer 13

In a sequence of terms, each term denotes a set of objects with more members than the previous term.
Pacific Ocean; ocean; water

Question 14

Decreasing extension

Answer 14

In a sequence of terms, each term denotes a set of objects with fewer members than the previous term.
water; ocean; Pacific ocean

Question 15

Increasing intension

Answer 15

In a sequence of terms, each term connotes more attributes than the previous term.
banana; fruit; food; commodity

Question 16

Decreasing intension

Answer 16

In a sequence of terms, each term connotes fewer attributes than the previous term.
commodity; food; fruit; banana

Question 17

Definition:

Answer 17

a definition assigns a meaning to a word phrase, or symbol.

Question 18

Definiendum:

Answer 18

that which is being defined.

Question 19

Definiens:

Answer 19

that which does the defining.

Question 20

Intensional definition:

Answer 20

Assigns a meaning to a term by listing the properties or attributes shared by all the objects that are denoted by the term.

Question 21

Synonymous definition:

Answer 21

Assigns a meaning to a term by providing another term with the same meaning.

Question 22

Word origin definition:

Answer 22

A meaning can be assigned to a term by investigating its origin.

Question 23

Etymology:

Answer 23

the study of history, development, and sources of words.

Question 24

Operational definition:

Answer 24

defines a term by specifying a measurement procedure.

Question 25

Quantitative:

Answer 25

numerical value.

Question 26

Qualitative:

Answer 26

open-ended range.

Question 27

Definition by genus and difference:

Answer 27

Assigns a meaning to a term (the species) by establishing a genus and combining it with the attribute that distinguishes the members of that species.

Question 28

Intensional (connotative definition)

Answer 28

assigns a meaning to a term by listing the properties shared by all the objects that are denoted by the term.

Question 29

Strategies used to clarify intensional definitions

Answer 29

Synonymous Definitions Word Origin Definitions Operational Definitions Definition by Genus and Difference

Question 30

Synonymous Definitions

Answer 30

Assigns a meaning to a term by providing another term with the same meaning

Question 31

Word Origin Definitions

Answer 31

Assigns a meaning to a term by investigating its origin. The study of the history, development, and sources of words is called etymology.

Question 32

Operational Definitions

Answer 32

Define a term by specifying a measurement procedure.

Question 33

Definition by Genus and Difference

Answer 33

Assigns a meaning to a term (the species) by establishing a genus and combining it with the attribute that distinguishes the members of that species.

Question 34

Extensional definition:

Answer 34

Assigns meaning to a term by indicating the class members denoted by the term.

Question 35

Ostensive definition:

Answer 35

Involves demonstrating the term—for example, by pointing to a member of the class that the term denotes.

Question 36

Enumerative definition:

Answer 36

Assigns meaning to a term by naming the individual members of the class denoted by the term.

Question 37

Definition by subclass:

Answer 37

Assigns meaning to a term by naming subclasses (species) of the class denoted by the term.

Question 38

An extensional (denotative) definition

Answer 38

assigns meaning to a term by indicating the class members denoted by the term. Includes : Ostensive definitions, Enumerative definitions, Definitions by subclass

Question 39

Ostensive Definitions

Answer 39

- Involves demonstrating the term—for example, by pointing to a member of the class that the term denotes. - Require nonverbal behavior—pointing, gesturing, drawing a picture, or showing a photograph.

Question 40

Enumerative Definitions

Answer 40

Assigns meaning to a term by naming the individual members of the class denoted by the term.

Question 41

Definition by Subclass

Answer 41

Assigns meaning to a term by naming subclasses (species) of the class denoted by the term.

Question 42

Stipulative definition:

Answer 42

Introduces a new meaning to a term or symbol.

Question 43

Lexical definition:

Answer 43

A definition based on the common use of a word, term, or symbol.

Question 44

Functional definition:

Answer 44

Specifies the purpose or use of the objects denoted by the term.

Question 45

Precising definition:

Answer 45

Reduces the vagueness and ambiguity of a term by providing a sharp focus, often a technical meaning, for a term.

Question 46

Theoretical definition:

Answer 46

Assigns a meaning to a term by providing an understanding of how the term fits into a general theory.

Question 47

Persuasive definition:

Answer 47

Assigns a meaning to a term with the direct purpose of influencing attitudes or opinions through emotional or figurative language.

Question 48

Cognitive meaning:

Answer 48

Language that is used to convey information.

Question 49

Emotive meaning:

Answer 49

Language that is used to express emotion or feelings.