Chapter 2

Question 1

F to C Formula

Answer 1

0.55 * (F-32)

Question 2

Latent Heat

Answer 2

The energy required to change a substance from one state to another

Question 3

Sublimation

Answer 3

When solid immediately turns to gas

Question 4

Deposition

Answer 4

When a gas immediately turns solid

Question 5

Sensible Heat

Answer 5

The heat that can be measured and felt

Question 6

How is evaporation a cooling process?

Answer 6

The energy in water vapor is taken away from the source and stored in the vapor in the air

Question 7

Latent Heat in Clouds

Answer 7

As water vapor rises into the atmosphere, it cools and condenses into cloud which releases all of the energy which was contained during the vapor state. Atmospheric heating ensues

Question 8

Conduction

Answer 8

The transfer of heat from molecule to molecule. Think of a hairpin held over a flame which will eventually burn your skin

Question 9

Why does metal feel colder?

Answer 9

It conducts heat away faster than other objects

Question 10

Convection

Answer 10

The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid or gas

Question 11

Convection in the Atmosphere

Answer 11

Parts of the earth are heated faster than others which causes heated pockets of air to rise and cooler air to flow down. The heated air cools and falls and the cooler air at the ground level heats and rises. Circulation of these two ensues

Question 12

Thermals

Answer 12

The rising warm air bubbles during atmospheric convection

Question 13

Advection

Answer 13

The horizontal movement of convection. Wind blowing water vapor into cooler temperatures resulting in condensation and thus a release of latent heat

Question 14

Radiant Energy

Answer 14

Heat energy transferred from the suns rays that don’t impact the air

Question 15

Radiation and the Atmosphere

Answer 15

Radiation from the sun heats Ozone, CO2, and water vapor which then increases the air temperature

Question 16

How Greenhouse Gases heat the Atmosphere

Answer 16

They allow solar radiation to pass through. The solar radiation is absorbed by the earth and infrared radiation is reflected away from the earth and absorbed by the gases

Question 17

Solar Constant

Answer 17

The amount of energy received from the sun. 1361 watts per square meter

Question 18

Albedo

Answer 18

The amount of radiation bouncing off of a surface

Question 19

Why are suns rays weaker when low on the horizon?

Answer 19

They have to penetrate more atomosphere

Question 20

Angle of earths tilt

Answer 20

23.5 degrees

Question 21

Tropic on Cancer Latitude

Answer 21

23.5 degrees north

Question 22

Latitude of Arctic Circle

Answer 22

66.5 degrees north

Question 23

When does the sun stay above the horizon at the North Pole?

Answer 23

March 20 to September 22 or exactly 6 months

Question 24

Insolation

Answer 24

Incoming solar radiation

Question 25

Why is the summer in the Southern Hemisphere cooler than summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

Answer 25

Because the water absorbs the suns rays which prevent extra heating

Question 26

Why is vegetation more lush on the north side of hills in the northern hemisphere?

Answer 26

The south side receives more sunlight and heats up more and thus have higher evaporation rates and less plant life