Chapter 2 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Type/Category A of HIV symptoms
A
simple fever, headaches, rashes
2
Q
serves as the guardhouse of the cell
A
plasma membrane
3
Q
for the exchange of materials in and out of the cell, is a selective permeable
A
plasma membrane
4
Q
Contains genetic material and controls most of the cell’s activities
A
Nucleus
5
Q
Helper T Lymphocytes
A
white blood cells
6
Q
Do not dissolve in water. Can be energy storage molecules in plants and animals
A
lipids
7
Q
Makes and detoxifies substances that can dissolve in lipids and makes several types of lipids
A
Smooth ER
8
Q
it acts as a soldier of the body
A
white blood cells
9
Q
give 3 examples of proteins
A
- amino acids
- enzymes
- hemoglobin
10
Q
organelle in plants that surround plant cells
A
cell walls
11
Q
weak, easily deformed bonds
A
hydrogen bonds
12
Q
Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in water
A
bases
13
Q
what life characteristics viruses missed?
A
(1) responsiveness
(2) reproduction
(3) metabolism
14
Q
a threat to the cell
A
HIV
AIDS
15
Q
Powerhouse of the cell and provides fuels for all the cell’s function
A
mitochondria
16
Q
Any substance that gives off hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
A
acids
17
Q
example of a polar covalent bond?
A
water or H2O
18
Q
3 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?
A
acidic
19
Q
give 2 examples of buffers
A
antacids, triple distilled water
20
Q
2 atoms share a pair of electrons
A
covalent bonds
21
Q
give 3 examples of nucleic acid?
A
- DNA
- RNA
- rRNA
22
Q
give the 6 modern cell theory
A
- all living things are made up of one or more cells
- cells are the basic living unit within organisms, and the chemical reactions of life take place within cells
- all cells arise from pre-existing cells
- energy production occurs within cells
- heredity information (DNA) passed on from cell to cell
- all cells have the same basic physical composition
23
Q
give 3 examples of lipids
A
- fats
- wax
- steroids
24
Q
A chemical combination of two or more atoms held together by specific chemical bonds
A
molecules
25
first shell of an energy shells can hold?
1 or 2 electrons
26
when a protein helps a substance cross to plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy
facilitated diffusion
27
4 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?
acidic
28
DNA is loose in the cell. Generally have no internal membranous organelles
prokaryotic cells
29
give elements present in lipids
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
30
greedier bond, get electron from atom
ionic bonds
31
Water creates ____________ so insects can slide on a “skin” of water
surface tension
32
____________________ bonds are easily dissolved
polar and ionic bonds
33
organelle in plants that function in food production and storage
plastids
34
chemical composition of water
H2O
35
second shell of an energy shells can hold?
8 electrons
36
11 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?
alkaline
37
organelle in plants that are fluid-filled sacs that maintain cell shape
vacuoles
38
what are the life characteristics of a virus once they infect a host cell?
(1) can evolve
(2) motility
(3) internal order
39
tail-like apparatus. helps to push and pull cell through cytoplasm
flagellum
40
transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration using energy
active transport
41
give 3 elements present in nucleic acids
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorous
42
how much water inside our body?
approximately 60%
43
_________ make up 98% of earth's crust
7 elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
44
allow cell-to-cell communication
communication junctions
45
third shell of an energy shells can hold?
8 electrons
46
what is the neutral pH level?
7
47
how to date a living organism containing carbon?
Half-life: 14C
48
Physical properties of an atom determined by:
- number of protons in a nucleus
- protons affect the atom's mass and attraction for electron
49
outside exertion of molecules. vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to expel substances
exocytosis
50
T or F: There are 116 elements. 87 occur in nature and 29 are made in the lab
False, 118 elements, 89 nature
51
Ribosomes attached to a flattened membrane in the cytoplasm
RER/ rough endoplasmic reticulum
52
the HIV lives inside the body for 8-10 years but there is still no cure, but there is a treatment. what is this?
HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
53
stability of the connection
adhering junctions
54
9 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?
alkaline
55
the cell membrane invaginates and takes in a substance. cells take in molecules
endocytosis
56
what is the structure of atoms composed of?
(1) positive protons
(2) negative electron
(3) neutrons with no charge
57
A three-dimensional structure of protein fibers forming a lattice in the cytoplasm, suspending the organelles and allowing the cell parts to move
cytoskeleton
58
Help to organize the cytoskeleton and they also guide the separation and movement of chromosomes
centrioles
59
Form structural parts of cells. Control cell processes. Act as messengers
proteins
60
measures the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a substances
pH scale/pH meter
61
they shared electrons spend more time with the oxygen than the hydrogen
polar covalent bond
62
salt is a polar compound called?
polar compounds
63
is cause by a VIRUS
HIV
64
it is a pure substance containing Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
element
65
each element is compose of?
atoms
66
Crucial to cell structure and energy storage and includes the sugars and starches
carbohydrates
67
what the 4 main types of biological molecules?
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins
-nucleic acids
68
refers to the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.
half-life
69
Semifluid in which organelles are suspended
cytoplasm
70
Can modify the newly made protein and Directs the finished protein to different parts of the cell to perform various activities
golgi apparatus
71
a cell engulfs debris
phagocytosis
72
give 3 elements present in proteins
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Sulfur
73
if HIV is the virus: AIDS is?
the disease
74
hair-like projections that help the cell to swim. breathing passages push mucus and dust up to your mouth and nose
cilia
75
T or F: virus are living cause it can move
false, it is a nonliving entity
76
it is the junction between animal cells
desmosomes
77
Ways that animal cells attach to each other
intercellular junctions
78
any atom that losses an electron will become _____ ______
positively charge
79
when small molecules go across the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration
simple diffusion
80
it is the junction between plant cells
plasmodesmata
81
what type of cell evolved first?
prokaryotic cells
82
will give us a relevant way to explore basic chemical concepts, biological molecules, and the anatomy and function of animal cells
AIDS threat to the cell
83
what is an example of a nonpolar molecules or water fearing?
oils, wax, fats
84
observed the cells inside of a cork with a very primitive microscope
Robert Hooke
85
Type/Category B of HIV symptoms
rapid weight loss, loss of appetite, diarrhea, recurrent fever
86
what is the most abundant element on Earth?
oxygen
87
capable of dissolving other molecules
solvents
88
attach together adjacent membrane
tight junctions
89
it is the smallest part of an element?
atom
90
give 3 examples of carbohydrates
- monosaccharides
- polysaccarides
- disaccarides
91
Polar molecules can form?
hydrogen bonds
92
dissolved substances
solute
93
Agents that soak up or dole out hydrogen ions to control the pH level
buffer
94
T or F: viruses are nonliving but once they infect a host cell, they appear to be a living entity.
true
95
make up 98% of a human or a fern
(1) oxygen
(2) hydrogen
(3) carbon
96
Type/Category C of HIV symptoms
white blood cells are completely weakened
97
A bag of digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
98
cells contain (3)
(1) carbon containing compound
(2) water
(3) ions
99
give elements present in carbohydrates
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
100
DNA is enclosed in a nucleus and associated with proteins. Contains membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
101
Proteins are synthesized here
ribosomes
102
the center of an atom
nucleus
