Chapter 2

Question 1

What is rationalism?

Answer 1

Belief that logic, reason and argument is how knowledge is gained

Question 2

What was hot blood thought to be

Answer 2

Emotion, passionate blood

Question 3

What was cool blood thought to be?

Answer 3

Logical rational blood.

Question 4

Why is rationalism not a current focus of psychology?

Answer 4

We are often wrong about our perception of ourselves

Question 5

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 5

1. Find a problem
2. Gather information
3. Generate a hypothesis
4. Design and conduct an experiment
5. Analyze data and draw conclusions
6. Restart with new data

Question 6

What is a descriptive method?

Answer 6

Means to capture, record, or describe a group

Question 7

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 7

Observing a subjects behavior in its natural environment without controlling or manipulating the variables of research.

Question 8

What are field experiments?

Answer 8

Manipulate experimental variables in a real world setting

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of naturalistic observation?

Answer 9

no control over variables
more susceptible to personal bias on the researchers behalf

Question 10

What is an observations role?

Answer 10

Getting questions to study

Question 11

What is participant observation?

Answer 11

Becoming part of the group to observe

Question 12

What are limitations of participant observation?

Answer 12

• may not be natural (hawthorne effect)
• biases may form

Question 13

What is episodic memory?

Answer 13

Re experience moments from one’s personal past

Question 14

What is semantic memory?

Answer 14

General information not tied to a specific experience. ex: knowing that grass is green

Question 15

What are procedural memories?

Answer 15

how something is done, knowing how to ride a bike, or walk

Question 16

What is response bias?

Answer 16

tendency of people to answer a question the way they feel they should based on who is asking and not how they actually think

Question 17

What is Acquiescent response bias?

Answer 17

The tendency for participants to say yes to all questions

Question 18

What is socially desirable bias

Answer 18

Tendency of participants to respond based on how they feel is accepted by others

Question 19

What is Illusory superior?

Answer 19

The tendency to rate our abilities as higher than others

Question 20

What is volunteer bias?

Answer 20

The tendency for people to only participate in surveys they care about

Question 21

What is internal validity?

Answer 21

The extent of a piece of evidence to support a claim in a particular study or experiment

Question 22

What is situational vulnerability?

Answer 22

When a participants freedom of choice is comprised by the environment, ex: by participating in this study your grandma will get the medication that will cure her illness (the person cannot get this medication by normal means)