Chapter 2

Question 1

The sum total of all the biochemical reactions in the body is known as …….

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

The four most common elements in living organisms are, in order od abundance, …..

Answer 2

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 3

Carbon atoms can join together to form …..

Answer 3

long chains or ring structures

Question 4

Simple biological molecules act as ….

Answer 4

the building blocks for larger, complex biological molecules

Question 5

Three types of macromolecules

Answer 5

polysaccharides
proteins (polypeptides)
nucleic acids(polynucleotides)

Question 6

Definition of macromolecules

Answer 6

Large molecules are formed of many repeating monomers and joined by covalent bonds.

Question 7

Definition of poly

Answer 7

many

Question 8

Definition of polymer

Answer 8

a giant molecule made from many monomers joined in a chain

Question 9

Definition of monomer

Answer 9

a relatively simple molecule which is used as a basic building block for the synthesis of a polymer

Question 10

definition of mono

Answer 10

one

Question 11

Definition of covalent bond

Answer 11

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms

Question 12

Definition of condensation reaction

Answer 12

a chemical reaction in which two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water

Question 13

Definition of hydrolysis

Answer 13

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are broken apart with the addition of a water molecule.

Question 14

Five examples of polysaccharide

Answer 14

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, protein, and nucleic acid

Question 15

Two types of polysaccharides in starch

Answer 15

amylose and amylopectin

Question 16

Definition of polysaccharide

Answer 16

A polymer formed by many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction

Question 17

Definition of Monosaccharides

Answer 17

simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built

Question 18

What is glycogen composed of

Answer 18

alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 19

Cellulose is formed by ….

Answer 19

the condensation of β-glucose

Question 20

Monomers from which proteins are made are …

Answer 20

amino acids

Question 21

Monomers from which nucleic acid are made of …

Answer 21

nucleotides

Question 22

Two examples of naturally occuring polymer

Answer 22

Cellulose and rubber

Question 23

Four examples of indutrially produced polymer

Answer 23

Polyester, polythene, PVC ( polyvinyl chloride), and nylon

Question 24

All carbohydrates contain the elements …

Answer 24

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 25

Three main groups of carbohydrates

Answer 25

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysacchirides.

Question 26

Definition of saccharides

Answer 26

Sugar or sweet substance

Question 27

How many sugar molecule does monosaccharide has?

Answer 27

one

Question 28

Three main type of monosaccharides

Answer 28

Trioses (3C), pentoses (5C), hexoses (6C)

Question 29

Three commmon hexoses

Answer 29

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 30

Three common pectoses

Answer 30

Ribose and deoxyribose

Question 31

The molecular formula for a hexose can be written as ....

Answer 31

C6H12O6