Chapter 2

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

refers to the bones of the trunk, including the vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, and sternum.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

refers to the bones of the limbs, including the shoulder and pelvic girdles, and the hands and feet.

Question 3

Sagittal (median, midline) Plane

Answer 3

Divides the body into symmetrical right and left halves

Question 4

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

Answer 4

passes through bregmaand divides the body into anterior and posterior halves and is placed at right angles to the sagittal plane.

Question 5

Traverse (horizontal) Plane

Answer 5

plane slices through the body at any height but always passes perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes.

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

toward the head end of the hominid body.

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

opposite of superior; for hominids, body parts away from the head.

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

toward the front of the hominid body.

Question 9

Posterior

Answer 9

opposite of anterior; for hominids, toward the back of the individual.

Question 10

Medial

Answer 10

toward the midline.

Question 11

Lateral

Answer 11

opposite of medial; away from the midline.

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

nearest the axial skeleton, usually used for limb bones.

Question 13

Distal

Answer 13

opposite of proximal; farthest from the axial skeleton.

Question 14

Extrinsic

Answer 14

external to that which it acts upon.

Question 15

Intrinsic

Answer 15

internal to that which it acts upon.

Question 16

Superficial

Answer 16

closer to the surface.

Question 17

Deep

Answer 17

opposite of superficial; far from the surface.

Question 18

Subcutaneous

Answer 18

just below the skin.

Question 19

Process

Answer 19

a bony prominence.

Question 20

Eminence

Answer 20

a bony projection; usually not as prominent as a process.

Question 21

Spine

Answer 21

generally a longer, thinner, sharper process than an eminence.

Question 22

Tuberosity

Answer 22

a large, usually rugose (roughened) eminence of variable shape; often a site of tendon or ligament attachment.

Question 23

Tubercle

Answer 23

a small, usually rugose eminence; often a site of tendon or ligament attachment.

Question 24

Trochanter

Answer 24

one of two large, prominent, blunt, rugose processes found only on the femur.

Question 25

Malleolus

Answer 25

a rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint.

Question 26

Articulation

Answer 26

an area where adjacent bones are in contact (via cartilage or fibrous tissue) at a joint.

Question 27

Condyle

Answer 27

a rounded articular process.

Question 28

Epicondyle

Answer 28

a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle.

Question 29

Shaft

Answer 29

the long, straight section between the ends of a long bone

Question 30

Epiphysis

Answer 30

in general usage, usually the end portion or extremity of a long bone that is expanded for articulation.

Question 31

Neck

Answer 31

the section of a bone between the head and the shaft.

Question 32

Crest

Answer 32

a prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone; often formed between adjacent muscle masses.

Question 33

Line

Answer 33

a raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest.

Question 34

Fossa

Answer 34

a depressed area; usually broad and shallow.

Question 35

Fovea

Answer 35

a pit-like, depressed area; usually smaller than a fossa.

Question 36

Groove

Answer 36

a long pit or furrow.

Question 37

Sulcus

Answer 37

a long, wide groove.

Question 38

Fontanelle

Answer 38

a space between cranial bones of an infant.

Question 39

Suture

Answer 39

where adjacent bones of the skull meet (articulate).

Question 40

Foraman

Answer 40

an opening through a bone, usually a passage for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 41

Canaliculus

Answer 41

a very small passage or duct.

Question 42

Meatus

Answer 42

a short, wide canal.

Question 43

Sinus

Answer 43

a cavity within a cranial bone.

Question 44

Alveous

Answer 44

a tooth socket.