Chapter 2 Flashcards
Pregnancy: Where do babies come from (Name the four female organs and two male organs that come into play)
Female:
1) Fallopian Tube
2) Ovary
3) Cervix
4) Uterus
Male:
1) Testis
2) Penis
True or false, you can get pregnant ANY time you have unprotected sex.
False: Ovulate on 14th day of cycle
* Egg receptive for 24 hours
* Sperm can live UP to 1 week in your body!
* So if TRYING to get pregnant, start 1 week BEFORE ovulation
How likely is infertility?
- Infertility
- 20s: 3 out of 4 women conceive in 6 months
- 40s: 1 out of 5
- Male and female issues both likely
Genetics 101
A) What carries our Genes?
B) How many cells do chromosomes have>
C) How many chromosomes do Sperm and Ova have?
D) How many of the chromosomes do not match?
E) What determines if a foetus is a boy or girl?
What two different types of twins are there.
- Chromosomes
a) Strand of DNA carries our genes
b) Cells have 46 chromosomes - Sperm and ova have 23
- When combined make 46
- All match except last 2
Male: XY, Female: XX - Twins
- Monozygotic, two sperms fecund the same egg
- Dizygotic two different eggs were fecunded at the same time
Name the three stages of Prenatal development.
Germinal
(weeks 1–2)
* Fertilization and implantation occur
* Placenta starts to develop
Embryo
(weeks 3–8)
* Groundwork is laid for all body structures and
internal organs
Fetus
(weeks 9–38)
* “Growth and finishing” phase
* Organism increases rapidly in size
Explain the process of the Germinal stage
Germinal
* Zygote: Fertilized ovum
* Blastocyst implants in uterine wall
Explain the process of the embryonic stage
- About 6 weeks
- Embryonic development
- Neural tube
- Proximodistal sequence
- Cephalocaudal sequence
- Mass-to-specific sequence
- Support of pregnancy
- Chorion
- Placenta
- Amnion
- Amniotic fluid
The baby floats in amniotic fluid surrounded by fused amnion+chorion
Explain the process of the Fetal stage.
- Fetal movements begin
- Hears heartbeat, sounds, voices
- Age of viability
Could maybe survive: 22-23 weeks
Minimum for some health: 25 weeks
What do we call the first, second and third stage of a pregnancy?
First, second and third trimester.
Name some risks occurring during pregnancy
1) Tertatogens: Cause of Fetal alcohol syndrome (for example)
What are teratogens? Name some examples.
Teratogens: environmental
factors that can contribute to
malformations in an embryo or
fetus.
Examples, Alcohol, caffeine, drugs, raw fish, tobacco,
Tobacco
* Drugs
* Prescription and illicit
* Infectious diseases
* Maternal stress
* Cortisol
* Environmental pollutants
How can one diagnose and treat a pregnant woman.
Ultrasound
* Image of fetus
- Chorionic villus sampling
- Diagnose chromosomal and genetic
disorders - First trimester
- Can be dangerous
- Amniocentisis
- Sample of amniotic fluid
- Second trimester
What is Roe v.s Wade
Abortion debate
Will removing access to abortion really reduce the amount of abortions taken?
Birth:
a) Why do women give birth laying down in a hospital bed when that is not the most secure or comfortable position?
b) Describe the tool used for cesareans
a) Louis 14th had a pregnancy fetish, birthing kink
b) a small saw
The newborn: What is the Apgar score
Score to determine a babies’s health.
A: Appearance (Blue, Pink body+ Blue extremes, pink)
P: Pulse (Absent, Below 100 bpm, Over 100 bpm)
Grimace: Floppy, Minimal response to stimulation, prompt response to stimulation.
Activity: Absent, Flexed arms and legs, active
Respiration: Absent, slow and irregular, vigorous cry.
