Chapter 2 Flashcards
Atomic #=
Atomic #= Z (Mass # )= P^+(number of protons)
Charge=
Charge=P-e
Protons - electrons
Mass=
Mass #= A = protons + neutrons
Notation of an isotope
AZE”, notation where A is the mass number, Z is the atomic number, and E is the element symb
In neutral isotopes
Electrons are equal to protons
Percent abundance formula
(M1)(x) + (M2)(1-x) = M(E)
M1 denotes the mass of one isotope’
x denotes its relative abundance.
The mass of the second isotope is denoted by M2.
M(E) denotes the periodic table element’s atomic mass.
Atomic weight formula
(Percent abundance of isotope 1/100)(mass of isotope 1) + (percent abundance of isotope 2/ 100) (mass iso 2)
Ionic compound
Metal and non metal or polyatomic ion
Covalent
Non mental w non metal
Naming for metals
Prefixes and ide ending
Naming for transition metals
Roman numerals and ide ending or polyatomic name
Prefixes
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
Metalloids
B, Si, As, Te, Ge, Sb
Group 1 is called
Alkali metals excluding H
Group 2 is called
Alkaline earth metals
Group 17 are
Halogens
Group 18
are noble gases
Highest reactivity of elements
Bottom left (metals are more reactive as we go down)
Top right (non metals are more reactive as we go up)
Elements by ancient Greeks
Elements
• ancient Greeks believed there were four: Earth, Fire, Water, Air
Who proposed the concept of atoms
Atoms
• Democritus & Leucippos (~400 BC) proposed concept of tiny particles
Alchemy
Alchemy
• attempts to transmute “base” metals (i.e., cheap ones) into gold
• went on for about 2000 years without success…
• …but lead to discovery of many elements & chemicals (e.g., mineral acids)
Extraction of metals from minerals
Extraction of metals from minerals
• geologist Georg Bauer a.k.a. Georgius Agricola (German 1494 - 1555)