Chapter 2

Question 1

3 States of matter

Answer 1

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 2

Elements Name:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Answer 2

C
H
O
N

Question 3

4 Most common elements in the human body composing 96% of the human body

Answer 3

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Question 4

Element Name:
Sodium
Iron
Calcium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Chlorine
Sulfur

Answer 4

Na
Fe
Ca
K
P
Cl
S

Question 5

4 Parts of an Atom

Answer 5

Nucleus, Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Core of the atom

Question 7

Proton

Answer 7

Positive particles

Question 8

Neutron

Answer 8

Particles with no charge

Question 9

Electrons

Answer 9

Negatively charged particles

Question 10

Energy Levels (Rings)

Answer 10

Rings on the atom around the nucleus which contain the electrons. up to 2 for the first ring and then up to 8 for every ring after that.

Question 11

Atomic Number

Answer 11

Number of protons in an atom

Question 12

Isotope

Answer 12

Isotopes are atoms where the number of neutrons differ from the original atom

Question 13

Radioisotopes

Answer 13

An atom that is unstable and begins to break down. This produces radioactivity.

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

Electrically charged atom

Question 15

Cation

Answer 15

Positive electrical charged atom

Question 16

Anion

Answer 16

Negative electrical charged atom

Question 17

Electrolytes

Answer 17

Ions that dissociate creating a solution that contains both cations and anions. They conduct electrical charge known as electrolytes.

Question 18

Covalent Bond

Answer 18

These are created when atoms share electrons. They are borrowed. They do not dissociate in water.

Question 19

Water in the Body

Answer 19

About 2/3 of our body is composed of water and it is one of the most abundant and important compounds in the human body

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

Materials readily dissolve in it

Question 21

Solutes

Answer 21

Material that goes in a solvent to create a solution

Question 22

Solution

Answer 22

A solute that has been dissolved in a solvent

Question 23

Acid-H+ some anion

Answer 23

More acidic on the pH scale. In numbers from 7 towards 1

Question 24

Base- some cation + OH-

Answer 24

More basic on the pH scale. In numbers from 7 to 14.

Question 25

Buffers

Answer 25

Chemicals that help prevent fluctuations in pH

Question 26

Salts

Answer 26

These are compounds that separate in water to form some type of cation (but not H+) and some type of anion (but not OH-)

Question 27

Organic Compounds

Answer 27

Always contain Carbon

Question 28

Carbohydrates

Answer 28

Monosaccharies Disaccharies Polysaccharies

Question 29

Monosaccharies

Answer 29

are the smallest carbohydrates and are known as the “simple sugars.” These are the form that our body can absorb into the blood and which are used to create ATP

Question 30

Disaccharies

Answer 30

more complex “double” sugars. These are the combination of two monosaccharides chemically joined

Question 31

Polysaccharies

Answer 31

complex and large compounds; starches

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

Contain C, H, O Lipids are larger and more complex than carbohydrates Solid at room temp- fat Liquid at room temp- oil

Question 33

Function of a Lipid

Answer 33

Protection, Insulation, Fuel Storage

Question 34

Building Blocks of most lipids

Answer 34

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 35

Triglycerides or Neutral Fat

Answer 35

This is a type of lipid which contains one glycerol and three fatty acids. It is good for energy storage and is how we store fat in our bodies

Question 36

Phospholipids

Answer 36

A lipid that contains phosphorus. These are very important structures in our cell membranes

Question 37

Cholesterol

Answer 37

is a steroid lipid which has a ring-like structure. It is a building block for important hormones, cell membranes, and nervous system.

Question 38

Protein

Answer 38

Contain C, H, O, N Proteins are large and complex

Question 39

Structural Proteins

Answer 39

Are shaped in ways that allow them to form essential structures of the body

Question 40

Functional Proteins

Answer 40

have shapes that enable them to participate in chemical processes of the body

Question 41

Building Blocks for Proteins

Answer 41

Amino Acids

Question 42

Nucleic Acids

Answer 42

Contain C, H, O, N, P

Question 43

Enzymes

Answer 43

are types of proteins that are important in many of the body’s chemical reactions

Question 44

Building Block for Nucleic Acid

Answer 44

The building blocks for nucleic acids are nucleotides.

Question 45

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 45

DNA is in our cell’s nucleus and each of us has unique DNA. It is our genetic material; it codes for all of the proteins in the body!

Question 46

RNA = Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 46

This is also found in cells, but its role is in the manufacture of proteins.

Question 47

ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 47

ATP is the chemical required for cells to live. It is the energy molecule. It provides energy for all cellular (bodily) functions. Without ATP cells, tissues, organs, and ultimately the body die.

Question 48

Synthesis or Dehydration Reactions

Answer 48

When creating large organic compounds there is a chemical loss of water when the two smaller subunits join into a larger structure

Question 49

Decomposition of Hydrolysis Reactions

Answer 49

In these reactions, there is a chemical addition of water which results in the large compound separating back into the smaller subunits.