Chapter 2

Question 1

Hair and skin need which micronutrient?

Answer 1

Zinc

Question 2

Teeth need which micronutrient?

Answer 2

Fluoride

Question 3

The thyroid gland needs which micronutrient?

Answer 3

Iodine

Question 4

Bones need which micronutrient?

Answer 4

Fluoride, Chromium, and Zinc

Question 5

Muscles need which micronutrient?

Answer 5

Zinc

Question 6

The liver needs which micronutrient?

Answer 6

Chromium and Zinc

Question 7

The spleen needs which micronutrient?

Answer 7

Chromium

Question 8

The kidneys needs which micronutrtient?

Answer 8

Chromium

Question 9

The testes need which micronutritent?

Answer 9

Zinc

Question 10

___________ consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into anything smaller.

Answer 10

Elements

Question 11

___________ consist of more than one type of atom and can be broken down into their elements by chemical means.

Answer 11

Compounds

Question 12

The smallest uncuttable piece of graphite is a single carbon _________.

Answer 12

Atom

Question 13

A carbon atom has a diameter of what?

Answer 13

140 pm (140 x 10 (-12 squared) m)

Question 14

A ________ is defined as the smallest stable component of matter.

Answer 14

Atom

Question 15

The atom is made up of what?

Answer 15

Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons

Question 16

What rapidly moves around the nucleus?

Answer 16

Electrons

Question 17

Electrons determine the __________ of an atom.

Answer 17

Volume

Question 18

_________ have a positive charge.

Answer 18

Protons

Question 19

Electrons have a ___________ charge.

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

Neutrons have what charge?

Answer 20

No charge (neutral)

Question 21

An atomic mass unit (Dealton) is used to report what?

Answer 21

The mass of protons and neutrons.

Question 22

An element is defined by the number of protons in its atoms is known as what?

Answer 22

An atomic number.

Question 23

The atomic symbol is what?

Answer 23

A one to two letter assigned.

Ex: C = Carbon
Fe = Iron

Question 24

What does the top stand for?

Answer 24

Atomic Number

Question 25

What does the middle stand for?

Answer 25

Atomic Symbol

Question 26

What does the bottom stand for?

Answer 26

Atomic Mass

Question 27

The periodic table of the elements is arranged in ___________ order of atomic number, ___________ from left to right.

Answer 27

Ascending; Increasing

Question 28

Using the periodic table, determine the atomic symbol, atomic number, and number of protons, and number of electrons in the neutral atoms of the elements given below: a.) carbon b.) silver

Answer 28

a.) b.)

Question 29

Provide the atomic symbol and element name for the elements with the following atomic numbers: a.) atomic number 7 b.) atomic number 80

Answer 29

a.) b.)

Question 30

How many protons and electrons do the neutral atoms of the following elements contain? a.) florine b.) sodium

Answer 30

a.) P: 9 E: 11 b.) P: 9 E: 11

Question 31

The following elements are macronutrients, which must be obtained from our diet in quantities greater than per day. What is the atomic number for each of these elements? a.) phosphorus b.) sulfur c.) chlorine

Question 32

What is the atomic symbol and the name of the elements with the following atomic numbers? a.) 11 b.) 19 c.) 37 d.) 55

Answer 32

a.) b.) c.) d.)

Question 33

What is the name and atomic symbol of the neutral element with one proton? What is the atomic number of this element?

Question 34

The micronutrient vanadium is found in some mineral supplements. What is the atomic symbol for vanadium, and how many protons does a vanadium atom contain?

Question 35

Atoms with the same number of protons abut different number of neutrons are known as what?

Answer 35

Isotopes

Question 36

Isotopes are identified by their _________ __________.

Answer 36

Mass Number

Question 37

The mass number is the sum of __________ and ___________.

Answer 37

Protons; Neutrons

Question 38

The __________ _________ for an isotope is written with the mass number as a superscript, and the atomic number as a subscript, to the left of the atomic symbol.

Answer 38

Nuclear Symbol

Question 39

The picture represents what?

Answer 39

Nuclear Symbol

Question 40

To determine the number of neutrons in an isotope, __________ the atomic number (subscript) from the mass number (superscript).

Answer 40

Subtract

Question 41

The _________ ________ of an element is calculated as a weighted average of all the isotopes of the element based on the natural abundance of each isotope.

Answer 41

Atomic Mass

Question 42

a.) Which isotope of calcium is the most abundant on Earth? b.) Which isotope of calcium has the greatest number of neutrons? c.) Referring to the periodic table, what is the atomic mass of calcium? Describe how this atomic mass is calculated.

Answer 42

a.) b.) c.)

Question 43

The atomic mass is listed _________ the atomic symbol of each element in the periodic table.

Answer 43

Below

Question 44

Elements that appear within the same column on the periodic table are known as a _________ or __________ of elements.

Answer 44

Group; Family

Question 45

The ________ _________ of elements include the elements in the first two columns, groups 1A and 2A, and the last six columns, groups 3A - 8A.

Answer 45

Main Groups

Question 46

The groups in the middle of the periodic table, groups 1B - 8B, are known as what?

Answer 46

Transition Elements

Question 47

The two rows of 14 elements each, set off below the main body of the table, are known as what?

Answer 47

Inner Transition Elements

Question 48

All the inner transition elements are what?

Answer 48

Radioactive

Question 49

A row of elements in the periodic table is referred to as a __________.

Answer 49

Period

Question 50

The bold diagonal steps separate metals on the _________ from the nonmetals on the _________ side of the periodic table.

Answer 50

Left; Right

Question 51

__________ have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

Answer 51

Metalloids

Question 52

What are the six building block elements found in living organisms?

Answer 52

1.) Carbon (C) 2.) Hydrogen (H) 3.) Nitrogen (N) 4.) Oxygen (O) 5.) Phosphorus (P) 6.) Sulfur (S)

Question 53

What are the seven macronutrients that are required in our diet?

Answer 53

1.) Sodium (Na) 2.) Potassium (K) 3.) Magnesium (Mg) 4.) Calcium (Ca) 5.) Phosphorus (P) 6.) Sulfur (S) 7.) Chlorine (Cl)

Question 54

What are the twelve micronutrients that are required in our diet?

Answer 54

1.) Fluorine (F) 2.) Silicon (Si) 3.) Vanadium (V) 4.) Chromium (Cr) 5.) Manganese (Mn) 6.) Iron (Fe) 7.) Cobalt (Co) 8.) Copper (Cu) 9.) Zinc (Zn) 10.) Selenium (Se) 11.) Molybdenum (Mo) 12.) Iodine (I)

Question 55

Which of the following elements are metals? a.) sulfur b.) mercury c.) neon d.) baroium

Question 56

How many of the building block elements are nonmentals?

Question 57

What distinguishes a micronutrient from a macronutrient?

Question 58

The arrangement of electrons in an atom largely determines the physical and chemical properties of an element.

Answer 58

Electron Arrangement

Question 59

A theory that explains the energy of an electron in an atom. Electrons occupy only allowed energy levels.

Answer 59

Quantum Mechanics

Question 60

True or False: Electrons in an atom can have only certain allowed energies.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

True or False: Electrons in the lowest energy level are farthest from the nucleus.

Answer 61

False Electrons in the lowest energy level are the closest to the nucleus.

Question 62

To obtain the ground state electron arrangement of an atom, fill the lowest energy first, starting with n=1, with a max of (A)_____ electrons; n=2, with a max of (B)_____ electrons; and n=3, with up to (C)______ electrons for argon.

Answer 62

A) 2 B) 8 C) 8

Question 63

True or False: The noble gases have no partially filled energy levels, which is a particularly stable arrangement of electrons.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

This is the highest energy level of an atom and are the farthest from the nucleus.

Answer 64

Valence Electrons