Chapter 2

Question 1

genes

Answer 1

specific sequence of nucleotides and are recipes for making proteins

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

cells nucleus making an exact copy of all the chormosomes and splitting into 2 cells

Question 3

meiosis

Answer 3

gametes chromosomes duplicate and then divide twice resulting in 4 cells containing only half the genetic material of the original gamete

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

the genetic info of all organisms

Question 5

phenotype

Answer 5

the observable physical traits of an organism

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

same version of the gene from each parent

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

different version of the gene from each parent

Question 8

dominant

Answer 8

express themselves in the phenotype even when presented with a different version of the gene

Question 9

recessive

Answer 9

express themselves only when paired with a similar version of the gene

Question 10

incomplete dominance

Answer 10

dominant gene does not completely supress the recessive gene

Question 11

monozygotic twin

Answer 11

identical
2 fertilized eggs split apart in the first 2 weeks

Question 12

dizygotic twin

Answer 12

fraternal
2 eggs are released and fertilized by seperate sperm

Question 13

dominant genetic disorder

Answer 13

not usually as serious and debilitating

Question 14

recessive genetic disorder

Answer 14

less likely to be caught

Question 15

sex-linked genetic disorder

Answer 15

defective gene is found on the x-chromosome

(males at higher risk)

Question 16

trisomy 21
(down syndrome)

Answer 16

occurs when there are 3 rather than 2 21st chromosomes

Question 17

turners syndrome
(XO)

Answer 17

part or all of one chromosome is lost; impacts cognitive functioning and sexual maturation of females

Question 18

klinefelters syndrome
(XXY)

Answer 18

extra x chromosome present in the cells of a male

Question 19

genotype-environmental correlations

Answer 19

the process by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment

Question 20

behavioral genetics

Answer 20

scientific study of the interplay between genetics and environmental contributions on behavior

Question 21

passive bg

Answer 21

passively inherit genes with environmental encouragement

Question 22

evocative bg

Answer 22

social environment reacts to the individual based on inherent characteristics

ex. shy, outgoing

Question 23

active bg

Answer 23

seek out environments that support genetic tendencies

ex. seeking athlectic partner for athletic kids

Question 24

genotype-environment interactions

Answer 24

genetic susceptibility to the environment

ex. psychopathology in adopted childen

Question 25

epigenetics

Answer 25

study modifications in DNA that affect expression and are passed on when the cell divides

Question 26

the germinal period

Answer 26

14 days conception to implantation of the egg in the lining of the uterus

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

new cell containing the combined genetic info from both parents

Question 28

blastocyst

Answer 28

inner and outer group of cells that results from the first 5 days of mitosis

Question 29

embryonic disk

Answer 29

the inner group becomes the embryo

Question 30

trophoblast

Answer 30

outer group support system to nourish development

Question 31

the embryonic period

Answer 31

3rd-8th week upon implantation of the blastocyte

Question 32

embryo

Answer 32

multicellular organism

Question 33

placenta

Answer 33

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the embryo

Question 34

cephalocaudal development

Answer 34

from head to tail growth

Question 35

proximodistal development

Answer 35

from midline outward growth

Question 36

the fetal period

Answer 36

9th week until birth

Question 37

age of viability

Answer 37

the first chance of survival outside the womb | roughly 24 weeks

Question 38

neural plate

Answer 38

location of the stem cells in the embryo

Question 39

neurogenesis

Answer 39

formation of neurons | 85 billion of them

Question 40

hippocampus

Answer 40

part of the brain responsible for learning and memory

Question 41

gray matter

Answer 41

contains cell bodies

Question 42

white matter

Answer 42

contain axons that form from the neural pathways

Question 43

teratogens

Answer 43

environmental factors that can contribute to birth defects | ex. alc, mercury

Question 44

neonatal abstinence syndrome

Answer 44

baby addicted to drug and going through withdrawl after birth