CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Treaty of
Brest - Litovsk
Ended Russia’s involvement in WWI
Russia had to give up land
to Germany to focus on
wester front and gave lots of
resources
Treaty of versailles
(GOALS)
France: prevent future aggression from Gemany, heavy financial reporations
Britain: Damage Germany but not harshly on economics bc they
had trade with Germany
USA: promote peace and prevent future conflicts (they didn’t loose territory or money from the war
treary of Versailles
(TERMS)
-Territory loss
-army limited to max of 100,000 troops no tanks aircraft or submarine max 6 battleships
-war guilt clause
war guilt clause
Assigned full responsibility for world wor I to hermany and its alies, justiffing reporations ( post-war resentment in Germany)
Reparations
payments imposed on Germany by the treaty of versailles for war damages during WWl
League of Nations
worldwide organisation that aimed to maintain
world peace.
(Britain, France, Italy, Japon)
The successor States
a newly formed state whose tentory and population were previously under the Control of another
Stat.
- Treaty of Saint- Germain
- Treaty of Neuilly
- Treaty of sévres
- Treaty of Trianon
- Austria
- Bulgaria
3.Turkey - Hungary
John Maynard Keynes
Economist that predicted that horsh reparations nowd lead to inflation ond hurt everyonés economy.
Treaty of London
secret agreement with Itally and the flies that promised
Italy territorial gains.
( They were betrayed and didnt receive all promised (lands) It fuelled
Fascism.
Red/ whie teror
Red tenor: violence by bolshevires targetting political enemies
White terror: Violence by anti-communist forces against
revolutionaries.
Benito Mussolini
Fascist Dictator of Italy
from 1922- 1943.
He led taly into WWll with
Nazi Germany.
Executed . in .1945
Facism
Political ideology that promotes nationalism, authoratarianim,
Supremacy of the state over individual rights.
(centralized, dictatorial government )
US isolationism
US policy of avoiding involvement in international Conflicts. Focused on Staying out of league of Nortions aswell.
Bolsheviks
Revolutionary socialist group in Russia led by Lenin. They established a communist government ., Sparking the Russian Civil war. Caused Soviet
Union 1922.
Inflation
(German hyper inflation)
German mark lost Value, causing prices to soar.
- Causes: WWl reparations
- overprinting money
- Ruhr Occupation
Lead to: poverty, political unrest
Ruhr Crisis
when france & Belgium occupied
Germany’s Ruhr region (industrial)
- reason: Seize coal for reparation
workers refused to work
- Effected Germany’s economy
- fuelled inflation
Corfu Incident
Italy’s occupation of Greek island of Corfu after four Italians were killed. Greece appealed to league of Nations but they didn’t punish Italy.
- paid compensation
→ Showed that League of
Nations. nere weak
Washington Conference:
- Four pover Treaty
- Five power Treary
- Nine power Treaty
washington Conference
purpose: Prevent Naval arms race and promote pacific peace
Significance: First international arms control conference, hosted by USA.
four-power Treaty
- US
- Britain
- France
- Japan
Agreements:
- All members
respect right of other countries
Reason: Replace anglo- Japanese Alliance prevent conflict
Effectiveness:
- Reduce tension
- Encourage diplomatic
Solutions over
military action leaned strong enforcement
Five power Treaty
- US
- Italy
- Britain
- Japon
- Fronce
Agreements made:
-Japan reduce navy
-Western countries limited naval base near Japan
-limit weight of all their ships
Benefits:
-reduce navy Western countries
-reduce tensions
-all countries seeking trade with china
Consequences:
No effective way to check if countries followed the rules
Nine power Treaty
- France
- Britain
- Belgium portugal.
- Netherlands -USA
- Japan
-china.
Agreements:
-Support open door policy
-equal trade rights
Reasons:
Reduce imperial ambitions maintain stability in China
Effectiveness/consequences:
-Failed to prevent long term aggression
-support Chinese territorial integrity
Genoa Conference
-Britain
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Soviet Union
purpose:
address economic Issues in Europe
Agreements:
they achieved nothing
Reasons:
U.S. still doing isolation policy
outcome:
US still doing isolation policy.
Rapallo Pact
- Germany
- Russia
Purpose:
reestablish diplomatic relations
Agreements:
Both agreed to drop financial/ territorial claims against each other from WWl
Reasons:
they were both isolated
Germany - reparations
Russia- communism
They established beneficial partnership ships and threatened the western powers
