chapter 2

Question 1

Differentiate between matter and energy.

Answer 1

Matter has mass and occupies space; energy is force used to do work.

Question 2

What is the unit of energy?

Answer 2

Joule (J)

Question 3

Who theorized the atomic theory and when?

Answer 3

John Dalton in the early 1800s.

Question 4

What is the basic structure of an atom?

Answer 4

Nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting.

Question 5

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

Answer 5

Positive charge; mass number of 1.

Question 6

What does the atomic number (Z) represent?

Answer 6

Number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 7

What happens during ionization?

Answer 7

Addition or removal of an electron from an atom.

ion

Question 8

True or False: Ionization changes the atomic number (Z).

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is mass number (A)?

Answer 9

Total of protons and neutrons.

Question 10

What defines the location of an electron in an atom?

Answer 10

Orbital

Question 11

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

Answer 11

Wavelength and frequency have an inverse relationship.

Question 12

Who discovered X-rays and in what year?

Answer 12

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895.

Question 13

What are the properties of X-rays?

Answer 13

• Penetrating and invisible
• Electrically neutral
• Polyenergetic
• Travel in straight lines
• Can ionize matter

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The energy needed to eject an electron from an atom is known as _______.

Answer 14

Electron Binding Energy (E_b)

measured in electron volt

Question 15

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 15

Atom never has more than eight electrons in outer shell. The valance shell is chemically inert.

Question 16

What type of energy is the energy of motion?

Answer 16

Kinetic energy

Question 17

What does the term ‘valence’ refer to?

Answer 17

Number of electrons in the outer shell.

Question 18

What is the definition of energy?

Answer 18

Ability to do work.

Question 19

What are the types of energy?

Answer 19

Mechanical Energy
Chemical Energy
Heat (thermal) Energy
Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Electromagnetic Energy

Question 20

What is an Isotope?

Answer 20

Atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Question 21

What is atomic mass unit (AMU)?

Answer 21

The mass of the particles of an atom

Question 22

The unit of mass is

Answer 22

KG

Question 23

What is the mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 23

0.000548
negative

Question 24

The arrangement of elements on the periodic table is based on?

Answer 24

atomic number

Question 25

Photon wavelength is

Answer 25

inversely proportional to photon frequency

Question 26

What are the components of electromagnetic energies?

Answer 26

They have both wave and particle characteristics. They are illustrated as sinusoidal waves. They are arranged in an orderly spectrum according to frequency and length.

Question 27

What is the formula to determine the maximum number of electrons in any energy level?

Answer 27

2n^2

Question 28

What do the groups (columns) of the periodic table represent?

Answer 28

elements with the same outer electron configuration

Question 28

What is the period in the periodic table?

Answer 28

principal quantum number

Question 29

Carbon has an atomic mass number of 6. One of the isotopes as a mass of 14. The number of neutrons is?

Answer 29

8 | 6 protons 14-6=8

Question 30

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 4

Answer 30

32

Question 31

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 3

Answer 31

18

Question 32

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 2

Answer 32

8

Question 33

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 5

Answer 33

50

Question 34

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 6

Answer 34

72

Question 35

What is the maximum number of electrons in a period with a principal quantum number of 7

Answer 35

98

Question 36

Isotopes have ___ mass numbers and ___atomic numbers

Answer 36

different the same

Question 37

In a vacuum, electromagnetic radiation

Answer 37

travels at the speed of light

Question 38

What happens to the wavelength if the photon frequency is increased ten times

Answer 38

wavelength will decrease to 1/10

Question 39

What distinguishs one element from another

Answer 39

number of protons

Question 40

What is an element?

Answer 40

Can't be broken into simpler substances by ordinary means.

Question 41

What is a compound?

Answer 41

two of more elements that are chemically united.

Question 42

How many neutrons are in carbon 14

Answer 42

8

Question 43

What are the parts of the wave equation?

Answer 43

velocity=frequency x wavelength

Question 44

What theory looks at the behavior of quarks?

Answer 44

String

Question 45

What is the energy gained by an electron moving through a one-volt potential called

Answer 45

electron volt

Question 46

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called

Answer 46

periods

Question 47

What is an isobar

Answer 47

have different numbers of protons and neutrons but the same total number of nuclear particles in the nucleus | different atomic number but same mass number

Question 48

What is an isotone

Answer 48

atoms with the same number of neutrons, but different number of protons

Question 49

What is radiation?

Answer 49

energy emitted and transferred through matter