Chapter 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is an Element?
An element is the simplest type of substance
with unique physical and chemical properties. An element consists of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
What is a Molecule?
A Molecule is a structure that consists of
two or more atoms that are chemically
bound together and thus behaves as
an independent unit.
What is a compound?
A Compound is a substance composed of
two or more elements that are chemically
combined.
What is a mixture?
Mixture – a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled. Unlike compounds, mixtures can be separated into their components by physical changes; chemical changes are not needed.
a - mixture
b - element
c - compound
What is a Mass Fraction and how do you find it?
The fraction by mass (mass fraction) is the part of the compound’s mass that each element contributes. It is obtained by dividing the mass of each element by the mass of the compound.
What is a Mass Percent?
The percent by mass (mass percent, mass %) is the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage (multiplied by 100).
What is the SI unit of charge?
The Coulomb (C).
What is an Isotope?
Atoms of an element with the same number of
protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes have the same atomic number but a different what?
Mass number.
What is Atomic Mass?
The average of the isotopic masses, weighted according to the natural abundance of each isotope of the element.
How do you solve for Atomic Mass?
Atomic mass = (% abundance of isotope 1) x (mass
of isotope 1) + (% abundance of isotope 2) x (mass of isotope 2) + —-
What is an Ionic Compound?
Ionic compounds are formed when one element (usually a metal) loses electrons which are accepted by another element (usually a nonmetal).
The element that loses electrons forms a positive charge (cation) and the one that gains the electrons forms a negative charge (anion).
What is a Binary Ionic Compound?
A compound composed of two elements.
It typically forms when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
What is a Covalent Bond?
Covalent bonds form when elements share
electrons, which usually occurs between
nonmetals.
What is a Chemical Formula?
A chemical formula consists of element symbols with numerical subscripts.
It is a general term that includes molecular formulas, empirical formulas, and formula units (for ionic compounds).
What is a Cation?
A cation is a positively charged ion. It forms when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons. Since protons carry a positive charge, the overall charge of the ion becomes positive.
Ex: Sodium ion (Na⁺), Calcium ion (Ca²⁺)
What is an Anion?
An anion is a negatively charged ion. It forms when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons. Since electrons carry a negative charge, the overall charge of the ion becomes negative.
Ex: Chloride ion (Cl⁻), Sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻)
What is an Oxoanion?
A negatively charged polyatomic ion that contains oxygen and at least one other element.
Ex: Nitrate (NO₃⁻), Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
What is a Hydrated Ionic Compound?
An ionic compound that includes water molecules as part of its crystal structure.
Give the systematic name for the given formula for these compounds?
A - Fe(ClO4)2
B - Ba(OH)2·8H2O
A - Iron (II) Perchlorate
B - Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate
What is the formula for Sodium Sulfite?
Na(+)________SO3(2-)
Na2SO3
How do you find Molecular Mass?
Molecular Mass = sum of the atomic masses
What is the Molecular mass of Water?
18.02amu
