Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

True or False: DNA is single-stranded.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The sugar in DNA is called _______.

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 4

To store and transmit genetic information

Question 5

Which nucleotide bases are found in RNA?

Answer 5

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which base is not present in DNA? A) Thymine B) Uracil C) Cytosine D) Adenine

Answer 6

B) Uracil

Question 7

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 7

To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 8

True or False: Proteins are made up of amino acids.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA is called _______.

Answer 9

translation

Question 10

What is the structure of DNA commonly described as?

Answer 10

Double helix

Question 11

Name the bond that holds the nucleotides together in a DNA strand.

Answer 11

Phosphodiester bond

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a function of proteins? A) Enzymatic activity B) Structural support C) Energy storage D) Genetic information storage

Answer 12

D) Genetic information storage

Question 13

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

True or False: There are 20 different amino acids used in protein synthesis.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called its _______.

Answer 15

primary structure

Question 16

What type of bond forms between amino acids?

Answer 16

Peptide bond

Question 17

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 17

To bring amino acids to the ribosome

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which process occurs first in protein synthesis? A) Translation B) Transcription C) Replication D) Folding

Answer 18

B) Transcription

Question 19

What are the three main types of RNA?

Answer 19

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 20

True or False: The genetic code is universal across all living organisms.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a _______.

Answer 21

codon

Question 22

What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?

Answer 22

To synthesize proteins

Question 23

Multiple Choice: Which process converts DNA into RNA? A) Translation B) Replication C) Transcription D) Translocation

Answer 23

C) Transcription

Question 24

What is the complementary base pairing rule for DNA?

Answer 24

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 25

True or False: RNA can form a double helix structure like DNA.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The region of DNA that contains the information for making a specific protein is called a _______.

Answer 26

gene

Question 27

What is the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase?

Answer 27

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template

Question 28

Multiple Choice: Which type of RNA is involved in forming the structure of ribosomes? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) snRNA

Answer 28

C) rRNA

Question 29

What is a mutation?

Answer 29

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 30

True or False: Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The process of making an RNA copy of a gene is known as _______.

Answer 31

transcription

Question 32

What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

Answer 32

To regulate the transcription of specific genes

Question 33

Multiple Choice: Which type of mutation involves the substitution of one base for another? A) Insertion B) Deletion C) Point mutation D) Frameshift mutation

Answer 33

C) Point mutation

Question 34

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 34

Its three-dimensional structure

Question 35

True or False: All proteins are enzymes.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The secondary structure of proteins is primarily due to _______ bonds.

Answer 36

hydrogen

Question 37

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 37

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Which type of bond is important for stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins? A) Ionic bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Disulfide bridges D) All of the above

Answer 38

D) All of the above