Chapter 2

Question 1

What system controls everything you do?

Answer 1

Nervous

Question 2

What organ is important for balance, coordination, and sports?

Answer 2

Cerebellum

Question 3

What do neurons do?

Answer 3

Cells which receive information from and transmit information to other cells

Question 4

Glia cells are responsible for?

Answer 4

exchange chemicals with adjacent neurons

do not transfer information over long distances

Question 5

What did Santiago Ramon Cajal do?

Answer 5

discovered the synapse. stated that cells do not grow into each other they remain separate.

Question 6

What separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell?

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 7

structure that contains the chromosomes. The brain of the cell

Question 8

What is known as the powerhouse of the cell, performs metabolic activities?

Answer 8

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Ribosomes are part of the cell that?

Answer 9

synthesize new proteins

Question 10

What part of the cell transports newly synthesized proteins to their locations

Answer 10

(ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 11

What receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to muscle or gland cells?

Answer 11

Motor neuron

Question 12

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 12

Specialized to detect a particular type of stimulation highly sensitive. e.g. light,taste, touch

Question 13

The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called
(increase Surface Area)

Answer 13

Dendrites

Question 14

The information sender of the neuron, conveying an impulse toward either other neurons or a gland or muscle is called the

Answer 14

Axon

Question 15

What is the cell body known for?

Answer 15

Contains the nucleus,ribosome,mitochondria. and some of the metabolic work is down here.

Question 16

the insulating material which covers many vertebrate axons is called the

Answer 16

Myelin Sheath

Question 17

one of the most distinctive features of neurons compared to the other types of cells is their

Answer 17

Shape

Question 18

Define Node of Ranvier

Answer 18

Short unmyelinated section of axon between segements of myelin

Question 19

what is the point from which an axon releases chemicals into the synapse?

Answer 19

presynaptic terminal

Question 20

Afferent means?

Answer 20

A=admit. brings information into the structure

Question 21

Efferent means?

Answer 21

E= exit. sends information away from the structure

Question 22

axons and dendrites are all contained within one structure to form

Answer 22

interneuron

Question 23

What does the astrocyte do?

Answer 23

enable the axon to send messages in waves, helps to synchronize activity

Question 24

What removes waste material, viruses, fungi?

acts like an immune system

Answer 24

Microglia

Question 25

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 25

Oligodendrocytes

Question 26

Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?

Answer 26

Schwann cells

Question 27

What does the radial glia do?

Answer 27

guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development

Question 28

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the blood brain barrier? (surrounds the brain)

Answer 28

Advantage- keeps out most viruses, bacteria, and harmful chemicals disadvantages- keeps out most nutrients and medications but blocks chemo

Question 29

What can cross through the endothelial cells?

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water

Question 30

How does glucose enter the brain? | Process that expends energy to pump chemicals from the blood?

Answer 30

active transport

Question 31

What is korsakoff's syndrome?

Answer 31

Thiamine deficiency leads to death of neurons a result of chronic alcoholism marked by severe memory loss

Question 32

How are nerve impulses transmitted?

Answer 32

the impulse is regenerated at points along the axon so it does no weaken.

Question 33

when you state that the neurons membrane is polarized, you are referring to a difference in electrical potential between

Answer 33

the insides and the outside of the membrane

Question 34

what is the approximate resting potential of the inside of a nerurons membrane, relative to the outside

Answer 34

- 70 millivolts

Question 35

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, which of the following molecules crosses through it MOST slowly?

Answer 35

sodium

Question 36

Whn a neurons membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ???? the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ??? the cell

Answer 36

into,into

Question 37

when a neurons membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ???? the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ??? the cell

Answer 37

out of, into

Question 38

When the neuron is at rest, what is responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?

Answer 38

the concentration gradient

Question 39

When the neuron is at rest, what is responsible for moving sodium ions out of the cell?

Answer 39

sodium potassium pump

Question 40

What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative potential?

Answer 40

hyperpolarization

Question 41

what is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly closer to zero?

Answer 41

depolarization

Question 42

What is the all or none law?

Answer 42

The amplitude and velocity of an action potential are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated

Question 43

Where do most action potentials begin?

Answer 43

at the axon hillock

Question 44

what is to prevent an action potential from exciting the area behind it and starting a rebound action potential traveling the opposite direction?

Answer 44

the refractory period

Question 45

What disease is related to the destruction of myelin sheaths?

Answer 45

multiple sclerosis

Question 46

under what conditions is it impossible for a stimulus to produce an action potential

Answer 46

if the membrane is in its absolute refractory period