Chapter 2

Question 0

Volume

Answer 0

A measure of the space occupied by the object

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

A measure of the amount of matter the object contains

Question 2

Extensive property

Answer 2

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 3

Intensive property

Answer 3

A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

Question 4

Substance

Answer 4

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Question 5

Physical property

Answer 5

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition

Question 6

Solid

Answer 6

A form of matter with a definite shape and volume

Question 7

Liquid

Answer 7

A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, has a fixed volume

Question 8

Gas

Answer 8

A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container

Question 9

Vapor

Answer 9

The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

Question 10

Physical change

Answer 10

Some properties of a material change but the composition of the material does not change

Question 11

How can properties used to describe matter be classified?

Answer 11

Extensive or intensive

Question 12

Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

Answer 12

Every sample has the same composition

Question 13

What are examples of physical properties?

Answer 13

• Boiling or melting point
• hardness
• Color
• conductivity
• malleability
• State

Question 14

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 14

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 15

What is the shape, volume, and molecule arrangement in a solid?

Answer 15

Definite shape, definite volume, packed tightly together

Question 16

What is the shape, volume, molecule arrangement in a liquid?

Answer 16

Indefinite shape, definite volume, close together and free to flow

Question 17

What is the shape, volume, molecule arrangement in a gas?

Answer 17

Indefinite shape, in definite volume, far apart

Question 18

Physical changes can be ______ or ______. Give example

Answer 18

Reversible: melting
Irreversible: cutting hair

Question 19

Define as irreversible or reversible physical change

Answer 19

Melting:
Cutting hair:
Freezing:
Boiling:
Filing nails:

Question 20

What is the boiling point and freezing point of water?

Answer 20

Boiling: 100°C, freezing point: 0°C

Question 21

Mixture

Answer 21

Physical blend of two or more components

Question 22

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 22

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Question 23

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 23

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout

Question 24

Solution

Answer 24

Another name for a homogeneous mixture

Question 25

Phase

Answer 25

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Question 26

Filtration

Answer 26

The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

Question 27

Distillation

Answer 27

A liquid is boiled to produce of vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

Question 28

How can mixtures be classified?

Answer 28

Homogenous or heterogeneous

Question 29

How can mixtures be separated?

Answer 29

Filtration or distillation

Question 30

Differences in _______ ________ can be used to separate mixtures.

Answer 30

Physical properties

Question 31

Element

Answer 31

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

Question 32

Compound

Answer 32

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Question 33

Chemical change

Answer 33

change that produces matter with a different composition than the original

Question 34

Chemical symbol

Answer 34

A one or two letter element symbol

Question 35

How are elements and compounds different?

Answer 35

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means but elements cannot

Question 36

How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?

Answer 36

If the composition of the material is fixed the material is a substance. If the composition of the material may vary the material is a mixture

Question 37

What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds?

Answer 37

Chemical symbols for elements and chemical formulas for compounds

Question 38

What do the chemical symbols represent? How are the letters always written?

Answer 38

Elements; one capitalized and if second lowercase

Question 39

What do the subscripts show in a chemical formula?

Answer 39

The number of each element

Question 40

Chemical property

Answer 40

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Question 41

Chemical reaction

Answer 41

One or more substances changed into one or more new substances

Question 42

Reactant

Answer 42

A substance present at the start of the reaction

Question 43

Product

Answer 43

A substance produced in the reaction

Question 44

Precipitate

Answer 44

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

Question 45

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 45

In any physical change or chemical reaction mass is conserved

Question 46

What always happens in a physical change?

Answer 46

A transfer of energy

Question 47

What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?

Answer 47

Transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate

Question 48

How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related? What is this called?

Answer 48

They are equal; law of conservation of mass