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BIO 106 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

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1
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

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2
Q

Potential Energy

A

Inactive, stored energy

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3
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy form stored in chemical bonds

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4
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Energy firm resulting from the movement of charged particles

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5
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Energy form directly involved in putting matter into motion

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6
Q

Radiant energy

A

Energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes heat, light, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and other forms

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7
Q

Elements

A

Any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon for example

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8
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means

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9
Q

Atomic symbol

A

A one/two letter symbol indicating a particular element

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10
Q

Protons

A

Subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus

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11
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged subatomic particles; found in the atomic nucleus

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12
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus

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13
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom

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14
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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15
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element

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16
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atomic form of the same element. Isotopes vary only on the number of neutrons they contain

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17
Q

Radioisotope

A

Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior

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18
Q

Radioactivity

A

The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable

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19
Q

Molecules

A

Particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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20
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

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21
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down

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22
Q

Valence Shell

A

The outermost energy level of an atom that contains electrons; the electrons in the valence shell determine the bonding behavior of the atom

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23
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The resulting charged atoms, or ions, are oppositely charged and attract each other

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24
Ion
An atom with a positive or negative electric charge
25
Salts
Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water
26
Covalent Bonds
A bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms
27
Hydrogen Bond
Weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms. An important intermolecular bond
28
Synthesis Reactions
Chemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from simpler ones
29
Decomposition Reaction
A destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones
30
Exchange Reactions
A chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms become combined with different atoms
31
Inorganic Compounds
A compound that lacks carbon; for example, water
32
Organic Compounds
A compound containing carbon; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
33
Salt
Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water
34
Electrolytes
A substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting an electric current
35
Acids
A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base
36
Bases
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid
37
Neutralization
A chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base
38
pH
The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution
39
Buffer
A substance or substances that help to stabilize the pH if a solution
40
Dehydration Synthesis
Process by which a larger molecule is synthesized from smaller ones by removal of a water molecule at each site of bond formation
41
Hydrolysis
The process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles
42
Carbohydrates
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose
43
Monosaccharide
Literally, one sugar; the building block of carbohydrates; examples include glucose and fructose
44
Glucose
The principal sugar in the blood; a monosaccharide
45
Disaccharide
Literally, double sugar; examples include sucrose and lactose
46
Polysaccharide
Literally, many sugars; a polymer of linked monosaccharides; examples include starch and glycogen
47
Lipids
Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples include fats and cholesterol
48
Triglycerides
Compounds composed of fatty acids and glycerol; fats and oils; also called neutral fats
49
Fatty Acids
A building block of fat
50
Glycerol
A sugar alcohol; one of the building blocks of fat
51
Steroids
A specific group of chemical substances including certain hormones and cholesterol
52
Cholesterol
A steroid function found in animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver
53
Proteins
A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells
54
Amino acids
An organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the building block of protein
55
Globular Proteins
A protein whose functional structure is basically spherical. Also referred to as functional protein; includes hemoglobin, enzymes, and some hormones
56
Enzymes
A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body
57
Nucleic Acid
Class of organic molecules that includes DNA & RNA
58
Nucleotides
Building block of nucleic acids
59
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Nucleic acid found in all living cells; carries the organisms hereditary information
60
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The nucleic acid that contains ribose; acts in protein synthesis
61
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The compound that is the important intercellular energy source; cellular energy

BIO 106 (3 decks)

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