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AP Human Geography > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

CDR

A

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 ppl alive in society

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1
Q

CBR

A

The total # of births in a year for every 1,000 people

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2
Q

NIR

A

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

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3
Q

TFR

A

The total number of births a woman is expected to have (15-49)

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4
Q

4 regions where 2/3rds of the worlds people live today

A

East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Europe

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5
Q

Countries in east Asia

A

China Japan Korean Peninsula Taiwan

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6
Q

Countries is South Asia

A

India /Pakistan /Bangladesh/Sri Lanka

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7
Q

Countries in Southeast Asia

A

Java /Sumatra/ Borneo/ Philippines

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8
Q

Countries in Europe

A

Russia/ England/ Germany/ Belgium

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9
Q

Difference between arithmetic density and physiological density

A

Arithmetic- total objects in area

Physiological- total ppl supposed by arable land

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10
Q

4 reasons why few people live in other regions of the world

A

Too dry
Too wet
Too cold
High lands ( mountains)

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11
Q

What is the demographic transition

A

Process of change in a society’s population

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12
Q

Stage 1 is

A

Low growth

^CBR ^CDR=no nir

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13
Q

Stage 1 details

A

Nomadic era to the agricultural revolution
Lack of food&war and disease (CDR)
Agricultural revolution- 8000 BC to 1700 AD start in Persian gulf@ Euphrates and tigers river

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14
Q

Stage 2 is

A

High growth

|CDR ^CBR= ^nir

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15
Q

Stage 2 details

A

C 1750-1880 starts in England
Industrial Revolution & Medical revolution
Better sanitation advanced medical stuff sophisticated transportation advanced farming hygiene

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16
Q

Stage 3 is

A

Moderate

|CBR |CDR = moderate nir

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17
Q

Stage 3 details

A 
1880s Progressive Era
Social & economic customs
Live in cities to work
More educated
Women are working
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18
Q

Stage 4 is

A 
Low
Very |CBR CDR= no nir possible decline in population
ZPG
majority women are work force
More choices(birth control)
Focused on future
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19
Q

Country’s in stage 1

A

None

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20
Q

Country in stage 2

A

Cape Verde

  • when anti martial campaign was launched
  • CDR dropped and CBR high
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21
Q

Country in stage 3

A

Chile

  • vigorous family planning
  • reduced income induced couples to wait
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22
Q

Country in stage 4

A

Denmark

  • since 1970 CBR CDR equal
  • have reached ZPG
  • population ^ because immigration
  • CDR ^
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23
Q

When was the first agricultural revolution?

A

Around 8000 BC

Humans first domesticated plants and animals and didn’t rely entires in hunting/gathering

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24
What was the industrial revolution
Major improvement in INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY that transformed manufacturing goods (steam engine, mass production, powered transportation)
25
When did the industrial revolution occur in England
Late 18th century
26
When did the industrial revolution happen in US
19th century
27
What did Thomas Malthus predict
In 1798/ he claimed that the population was growing much more rapidly than Earths food supply because -population increased geometrically while food increased arithmetically
28
What were Thomas Malthus solutions
Population growth would press against available resources in every country unless "moral restraint" produced lower CBRs or unless disses famine war or disasters produces higher CDRs
29
2 arguments for neo-malthusians
- Failed to anticipate poor countries have rapid population growth because medical transfer from MDCs - population growth is outstripping a variety of resources not just food - wars and violence increase coming years - scariness of clean air/ suitable farmland/ fuel
30
2 critics of Malthusian theory
-According to principles of possibilism him humans have ability to choose courses of action -Esther Boserup more people more brains more technology more jobs economy goes up
31
What does Esther Boserup argue
Population simulates economic growth therefore production of more food -generate more customers and more ideas for improving technology
32
Marxist theory
From Karl Marx and Friedwich Engels | -fathers of communism
33
Marxist theory on Malthus
Enough resources Population growth is not the problem A socially quality that contributes to a global hunger and poverty
34
Friedwich engles and Karl marx book?
Communist manifesto
35
Communist manifesto is from a book called
Utopia | -Written around 1400's by Thomas More
36
Epidemiological transition
Stages the focus on the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the DT
37
Stage 1 of ET
Pestilence and famine (infectious disease) | -Black plague
38
Black plague is an
Epidemic
39
Difference between epidemic and pandemic
Epidemic stays where it started | Pandemic goes around the world
40
Stage 2 of ET
Receding pandemics | -because improve nutrition medication and sanitation
41
Stage 3 of ET
Disorders caused by humans -EX: cardiovascular disease diabetes high cholesterol obesity cancer (Decline in disease because vaccinations)
42
Stage 4 of ET
Delay degenerative diseases | -treatments for them
43
Possible stage 5 of ET
Reemergence of infection parasitic diseases
44
3 reasons for reemergence of disease
1. Evolution-immunity 2. poverty-poor no access to medical help 3. improve travel-airplanes(sick in a tube)
45
How did Dr.Snow help solve the spread of disease?
Found large percentage of cholera victims clustered around one pump then found out that the pump was contaminated
46
Country most affected by aids
Sub-Saharan Africa
47
Population policies in China
One child policy
48
What population policies did India have
Family-planning programs with alternative methods of birth control. Sterilizations
49
Why is there an excess is a woman in MDC's and less in LDCs
High mortality rate during childbirth Large percent of young people males outnumber females Lower percentage of older people females were more
50
4 Factors that can put the NIR up or down
Economic development/education gender empowerment/ and public policy
51
Population pyramid
A countries population can be displayed by age and gender
52
Population influenced by
Age group and gender
53
Population pyramid display
Youngest groups at bottom older on top males to the left females to the right
54
Dependency ratio
Number of people too young or too old to work compared to people working
55
Larger number of dependents means
Greater financial strain on the working class
56
Baby boom
1945- 1965 Wanted to restore normalcy in America Couples want more babies
57
MDC's
Northern hemisphere England France Norway Japan
58
LDCs
Lots of babies because of lack of constant contraception lack of education and cultural factors
59
Developing countries
China Russia Brazil India Argentina Paraguay Uruguay
60
Medical revolution
Stage 2 | medical technology invented in Europe and North America that diffuse to poor countries
61
Why the census most important data source for geographers
To get more accurate count and identify detail characteristics

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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