Chapter 2

Question 0

the outer protein later that surrounds the genetic material of a virus

Answer 0

capsid

Question 1

a structure that contains strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective protein coat; it cannot live independently outside of cells

Answer 1

virus

Question 2

the fundamental process of all cells in which the genetic material is copied before the cell reproduces

Answer 2

replication

Question 3

the replication process in viruses in which the viruses genetic material uses the copying machinery of the
host cell to make new viruses

Answer 3

lytic cycle

Question 4

the replication process in viruses, in which the viral DNA enters the host cells chromosome; it may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses

Answer 4

lysogenic cycle

Question 5

an infectious particle that causes damage to nerve cells in the brain, and that appears to consist of mostly or entirely of a single protein

Answer 5

prion

Question 6

A micro-organism whose overall morphology is spherical or nearly so

Answer 6

cocci

Question 7

a micro-organism whose overall morphology is rod shaped

Answer 7

Bacilli

Question 8

a biological process that produces methane as a by product

Answer 8

methanogenesis

Question 9

an organism that lives in habitats characterized by extreme conditions

Answer 9

extremophile

Question 10

an organism that lives in habitats characterized by moderate conditions

Answer 10

mesophile

Question 11

the asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotes in which a cell divided into two genetically identical cells

Answer 11

binary fission

Question 12

a process in which there is a transfer of genetic material invoking two cells

Answer 12

conjugation

Question 13

a dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods during extreme conditions

Answer 13

endospore

Question 14

a stain that separates bacteria into two major divisions (gram positive and gram negative) based on the cell wall’s response to the stain

Answer 14

gram stain

Question 15

what are bacteria and archaea’s three basic shapes?

Answer 15

cocci, bacilli, and spiral

Question 16

theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from the symbiotic relationship between two or more prokaryotic cells

Answer 16

endosymbiosis

Question 17

a cell that is engulfed by another cell in endosymbiosis

Answer 17

endosymbiont

Question 18

a cell that engulfs another cell in endosymbiosis

Answer 18

host cell

Question 19

what two organelles are evidence of endosymbiosis?

Answer 19

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 20

a eukaryotic organism, usually unicellular, that is not a fungus plant or animal

Answer 20

protist

Question 21

an organism that benefits by living in or on another organism at the expense of that organism

Answer 21

parasite

Question 22

a temporary cytoplasmic extension that amoebas use for feeding and movement

Answer 22

pseudopod

Question 23

a long hair like projection extending from the cell membrane that propels the cell using a whip like motion

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

a short hair-like projection that functions in cell movement and particle manipulation when coordinated with other cilia

Answer 24

cilia

Question 25

a coastal phenomenon in which dinoflagellates that contain red pigments are so concentrated that the sea water has a distinct red colour

Answer 25

red tide

Question 26

what are the three groups of Protists?

Answer 26

animal like
fungus like
plant like

Question 27

called protozoans

Answer 27

animal-like protist

Question 28

slime moulds and water moulds

Answer 28

fungus like Protists

Question 29

diatoms, dinoflagellates and euglenoids

Answer 29

plant like protists