Chapter 2/3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Developmental Pathways
These are “tracks” that individuals follow that lead to antisocial behavior
Risk Factors
Associated/linked to crime
Examples:
- Losing a baby
- Getting pregnant
- Being sexually assaulted
- Having parents who aren’t together
Protective Factors
Steer away from crime/Prevent crime
Examples:
- Living with a “good” parent(s)
- Emotionally intelligent/aware
- Resilient
Cumulative Risk Model
Exposure to multiple risk factors increases the probability of someone developing antisocial behavior
Cumulative Risk Index
Add up risk factors
Example: poverty, parental disclosure
Developmental Cascade Model
Emphasizes the interaction of risk factors and their effect on outcomes over course of development rather than simply adding them together (risk and protective factors)
Snowballing Effect
Developmental skills and deficits affect the next skill/deficit a long trajectory
Risk Factors
1) Poverty
2) Peer rejection
3) Poor preschool experience
4) Poor after school experience
5) Academic failure
Murder doesn’t go unreported
Play is the work of children (learn to control emotions/physical body)
During adolescence, peer influence increases and parental influence decreases
One of the strangest predictors by peers of antisocial behavior is early rejection
Parental Styles
The emotional climate in the home regarding parent/child relationship
Authoritarian (Baumrind)
Strict/try to shape and control children to an absolute standard
- Parent is in charge
- Expects obedience
- Runs a tight ship
- Parents and children are NOT equal
Permissive Parenting
Parents are tolerant, accepting, avoid asserting authority
- Allow children to set their own schedules
- Believe the child will learn from their own mistakes
Authoritative (BEST)
Parents try to direct child behavior in a relational way
- Open communication/reasoned discussion
- Parents apply firm consistent expectations and rules, but also encourage independence and individuality
Neglecting
Parents are detached from child
- Far more distancing than permissive parents (this is child neglect)
Enmeshed
Parent sees every little behavior as a problem
- Always yelling, but ineffective in dealing with an issue
Lax
Opposite of enmeshed
- Not in tune with problematic behaviors
- Pretend they don’t notice
Parental Monitoring
Parents awareness of their child’s friends, activities, and whereabouts
- Especially important in middle school
- Monitoring alone is not optimal, has to be coupled with a good relationship with the child
Parental Psychopathology
Maternal Depression
Twin Early Development Study (TED)
Looks at:
1) Behavior Problems
2) Language Problems
3) Cognitive Problems
4) Academic Problems
Molecular Genetics
Used to identify which genes predispose individuals to antisocial behavior
Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA)
Gene that PREVENTS antisocial behavior
