Chapter 2&3

Question 0

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 0

That compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body

Question 5

Lipid

Answer 5

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.

Question 6

Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

A dense central body in most cells containing the generic material of the cell; cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord

Question 10

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 10

A double membrane barrier that bounds the nucleus

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

The structures in the nucleus that carry the heredity factors (genes)

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Bar like body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

The rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Dense particles consisting of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

A membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

A stack of flattened membranes and associated vessels close to the nucleus.

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Membranous sacs containing acid hydrolases (powerful digestive enzymes).

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

An elaborate network of protein structures extends throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 21

Centrioles

Answer 21

Rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other; made up of a pinwheel array of fine microtubules.

Question 22

Template

Answer 22

Set of instructions

Question 23

Gene

Answer 23

A DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein or polypeptide chain.

Question 24

Anticodon

Answer 24

A special three-base sequence that can bind to complementary codons.

Question 25

Epithelial tissue

Answer 25

The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.

Question 26

Gland

Answer 26

One or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.

Question 27

Extracellular matrix

Answer 27

Produced by the connective tissue cells and then secreted to their exterior.

Question 28

Tendons

Answer 28

Attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Question 29

Ligaments

Answer 29

Connect bones to bones at joints

Question 30

Cytosol

Answer 30

Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements