Chapter 2-3 Flashcards
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
The compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy
Acid
A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution
Base
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor
Carbohydrate
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose
Enzyme
A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body
Lipid
Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol
Nucleic Acid
Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA
pH
The symbol hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Protein
A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells
Nucleus
A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell
Chromosome
Bar like body of tightly coiled chromatin
Chromatin
The structure in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors
Microvilli
The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells
Cytoplasm
The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus
Mitochondria
The rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation
Ribosomes
Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A membranous network of tubular or sac like channels in the cytoplasm of a cell
Lysosomes
Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes
Centriole
A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules
Gene
Biological units of heredity located in chromatin
Epithelium
One of the primary tissues
Gland
An organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination
Extracellular matrix
Nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cell
Tendons
Cord of defense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
