Chapter 2/3

Question 0

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Answer 0

• Cajal drew detailed drawings of the nervous system
• Drew them with synapses (neurons don’t touch)
• Golgi stained the cells and found Cajal’s theory to be true

Question 1

4 kinds of neurons

Answer 1

Astrocyte
Schwann cell
Microglia
Radial glia

Question 2

4 types of Glia cell

Answer 2

Astrocyte
Schwann Cell
Microglia
Radial glia

Question 3

Astrocyte

Answer 3

Sends brain waste into capillary (bloodstream)

Question 4

Schwann Cell

Answer 4

Responsible for myelin in the peripheral cell

Question 5

Microglia

Answer 5

Sit around in synapse and make sure messages are staying synapse

Quarantines damaged neurons (bacteria,fungi,etc)

Question 6

Radial glia

Answer 6

Guide neurons where to go

Question 7

Function of brain barrier

Answer 7

Protects the brain

Question 8

2 types of refractory periods

Answer 8

Absolute

Relative

Question 9

Absolute refractory period

Answer 9

Absolutely no second potential can occur

As long as Na+ and K+ gates are open

Question 10

Relative refractory period

Answer 10

An action potential can occur if there is stronger than normal stimulation

Question 11

Salvatore conduction

Answer 11

Action potential jumping from node to node

Question 12

What did Charles Sherrington discover?

Answer 12

Experimented by pinching dogs leg
Noticed a delay in response
Concluded that delay must be due to synapse- reflex arc

Question 13

Reflexes

Answer 13

Automatic muscular response to stimuli

Question 14

Reflex arc

Answer 14

Lag time or circuit sensory from neuron to muscle

Question 15

Temporal summation

Answer 15

Repeated stimuli at the same receptor site over time (cumulative effect)

Question 16

Spatial summation

Answer 16

Several synaptic inputs originating from desperate locations can exert a cumulative effect

Question 17

IPSP

Answer 17

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

Graded hyper polarization
Neuron becomes more negative
Reflex (not wanting the body to do something)

Question 18

EPSP

Answer 18

Excitatory post synaptic potential
Graded depolarization
Neuron becomes more positive

Question 19

Otto Loewi

Answer 19

Stimulated one nerve to increase HR and decreased another hearts HR

moved the fluid

Discovered transmission is chemical and electrical

Question 20

6 types of NT

Answer 20

Amino acids 
Peptides 
Purines
Gases 
Acetylcholine 
Monoamines

Question 21

Amino acids

Answer 21

GABA (inhibitory)

Glutamate (excitatory)

Question 22

Peptides

Answer 22

Endorphins (inhibitory)

When you get hurt–> release endorphins–> with time they wear off and you feel pain

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

Motor movement

Question 24

Monoamines

Answer 24

One amino acid creates a whole bunch of different neurotransmitters Indolamines- serotonin Tryptophan- serotonin (5ht) Catecholamines-dopamine,norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 25

Purines

Answer 25

Adenosine (make you tired)

Question 26

Gases

Answer 26

Nitric oxide (notify a whole bunch of Neurons at once)