chapter 2 & 3

Question 1

Ecumene

Answer 1

the portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 2

non-ecumene

Answer 2

the portion of the earths surface that isn’t permanently occupied by human settlement.

Question 3

four sparsely populated lands and why?

Answer 3

dry lands: to hot and dry for farming

wet lands: too wet and hot soil. nutrients are taken away. no good for farming

cold lands: too cold for crops and animals to survive

high lands: temperatures and precipitation is too low

Question 4

arithmetic density

Answer 4

total number of objects in and area

Question 5

physiological density

Answer 5

the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land

Question 6

what occurs the higher the rate of physiological density

Answer 6

more pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food

Question 7

agricultural density

Answer 7

ratio of te number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Question 8

CBR

Answer 8

total number of live births in a year for every 1,000

Question 9

CDR

Answer 9

total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000

Question 10

NIR

Answer 10

percentage by which a population increases in a year

Question 11

today’s NIR

Answer 11

1.2

Question 12

NIR peak

Answer 12

1963

2.2%

Question 13

how many people are being added to the world each year

Answer 13

about 80 million

Question 14

Doubling Time

Answer 14

number of years needed to double a population

Question 15

what regions is most growth occurring

Answer 15

sub saharan africa
south asia
east asia
south east asia 
latin america
middle east

Question 16

TFR

Answer 16

total fertility rate

measures the number of births a women can have throughout her childbearing years

Question 17

high and low TFR

Answer 17

high: sub saharan africa
low: europe

Question 18

IMR

Answer 18

infant mortality rate

total number of deaths in a year among infants

Question 19

Life Expectancy

Answer 19

average number of years an individual can be expected to live

Question 20

mortality in developing and developed countries

Answer 20

IMR is high in LDCs and the life expectancy is low in LDCs.

IMR is low in MDCs and life expectancy is high in MDCs.

Question 21

Demographic Transition

Answer 21

process with several stages and every country is in one of those stages

Question 22

Stage 1

Answer 22

low growth
high CBR and high CDR
NIR is almost zero

Question 23

Stage 2

Answer 23

high growth
CDR goes down
CBR stayed the same
NIR was very high
(industrial revolution, medical revolution)

Question 24

Stage 3

Answer 24

moderate growth
CBR drops by a lot.
CDR still dropping
NIR is still safe because the CBR is still higher than the CDR

Question 25

Stage 4

Answer 25

Low growth CBR matches CDR NIR CLOSE TO ZERO ZPG Zero Population Growth

Question 26

shape of a population pyramid is determined by what?

Answer 26

the CDR in the community

Question 27

Dependency Ratio

Answer 27

the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the people in their productive years

Question 28

what age groups are categorized as dependent

Answer 28

0-14 & 65+

Question 29

what is the grating population

Answer 29

older people who must receive adequate levels of income and medical care after they retire

Question 30

Sex Ratio

Answer 30

number of males per a hundred females i. the populations

Question 31

stage two ex

Answer 31

cape verde

Question 32

stage three ex

Answer 32

chile

Question 33

stage four ex

Answer 33

denmark

Question 34

first big break

Answer 34

drop in death rate | medical advances

Question 35

second big break

Answer 35

drop in birth rate | change in social customs

Question 36

Emigration

Answer 36

migration from a location

Question 37

Immigration

Answer 37

migration to a location

Question 38

push factors

Answer 38

make people move out of a location

Question 39

pull factors

Answer 39

attract people to a location

Question 40

Three major push and pull factors

Answer 40

Economic stability cultural freedom and environmental comfort

Question 41

intervening obstacle

Answer 41

environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

Question 42

International Migration

Answer 42

permanent movement from one country to another

Question 43

Internal migration

Answer 43

permanent movement within the same country.

Question 44

types of push factors responsible for voluntary migration

Answer 44

economic improvement

Question 45

push factors responsible for forced migration

Answer 45

cultural factors business related reasons

Question 46

migration transition applied to demographic transition

Answer 46

stage 1: high daily or seasonal mobility less permanent ``` stage 2: international migration interregional migration stage 3&4: internal migration intraregional ```

Question 47

in what stage of demographic transition are most countries that send out immigrants.

Answer 47

stage two

Question 48

what are three countries that recently sent out most immigrants from asia

Answer 48

china philippines india

Question 49

what caused immigrating from latin america to us to increase

Answer 49

1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act distributed thousands of visas to undocumented immigrants

Question 50

undocumented immigrants

Answer 50

people who enter a country without proper documents

Question 51

where do most undocumented immigrants in the us. come from

Answer 51

mexico

Question 52

What did the Quota Act(1921) and the National Origins Act(1924) do

Answer 52

limited the number of people that could immigrate to the united states from each country in one year period

Question 53

Immigration Act 1965

Answer 53

hemisphere quotas instead of individual countries. Eastern hemisphere allowed 170,000 and 120,000 from the western

Question 54

1978

Answer 54

global quota 290,000 20,00 per country currently 620,000 maximum of 7% per country

Question 55

us immigration laws give preferences to three groups

Answer 55

reunify families skilled workers luck draw from countries that have few people in the us

Question 56

Brain Drain

Answer 56

large scale emigration by talented people

Question 57

Guest worker

Answer 57

workers who migrate to the MDCs of i search of higher paying jobs

Question 58

famous ex of large scale migration in us

Answer 58

opening of the American West

Question 59

population center

Answer 59

average location of everyone in the country

Question 60

first intervening obstacle

Answer 60

Great plains | appalachian

Question 61

what transportation development encouraged settlement in mississippi

Answer 61

canals

Question 62

how did railroad encourage settlement to the american interior

Answer 62

land was sold to farmers paid for railroad farmer shipped goods on trains

Question 63

why have people been migrating to the south

Answer 63

job opportunities | environmental conditions

Question 64

urbanization

Answer 64

migration from rural to urban

Question 65

suburbanization

Answer 65

movement from cities to suburbs

Question 66

counterurbanization

Answer 66

net migration from urban to rural