Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
1
A
uni
mono
2
Q
2
A
duo
bi
dyo
3
Q
3
A
tri
4
Q
4
A
quadri
quadro
tetr
tetra
5
Q
5
A
quinqu
quint
pent
penta
6
Q
6
A
sex
hex
hexa
7
Q
7
A
sept
septi
hept
hepta
8
Q
8
A
octo
oct
octa
9
Q
9
A
novem
nonus
ennea
10
Q
10
A
deca
decem
dek
deka
11
Q
dorsal recumbency
A
flat on back for xray with legs out
12
Q
ventral/sternal recumbency
A
flat on stomach with legs out for xray
13
Q
lateral recumbency
A
laying on side of table left or right
14
Q
anaplasia
A
A CHANGE in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
15
Q
aplasia
A
LACK OF DEVELOPMENT of an organ, tissue, or cell
16
Q
dysplasia
A
ABNORMAL growth or devlopment of an organ, tissue or cel
17
Q
hyperplasia
A
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ, tissue, or cell
18
Q
hypoplasia
A
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ, tissue, or cell
19
Q
neoplasia
A
any abnormal new growth of tissue in which MULTIPLICATION of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
cancer/DEATH
20
Q
tumor
A
neoplasms the usually form a distinct mass of tissue
21
Q
two types of tumors
A
benign
malignant
22
Q
benign
A
not recurring
23
Q
malignant
A
tending to spread and be life threatening
24
Q
suffix “oma” means?
A
tumor or neoplasm
25
atrophy
decrease in size or complete wasting of organ, tissue, or cell
26
different prefixes to describe problems with tissue formation
```
Anaplasia
aplasia
dysplasia
hyperplasia
hypoplasia
neoplasia
atrophy
dystrophy
hypertrophy
```
27
medial
two insides of the legs
28
lateral
two outsides of the legs
29
dorsal plane
divides among top and bottom of body (top half being back and head and lower half being belly and legs
30
transverse plane
divides the body from front to back
cranial and caudal
may also include cutting leg in half top to bottom?
31
sagittal plane
cuts body in unequal parts left and right
32
dorsal
back
33
ventral
belly
34
positional terms describe body _____ and the __________body structures have to each other
location
| relationships
35
Relative location
is described throughout the use of pairs of contrasting body direction terms
36
body directions
```
medial vs lateral
craniel vs caudal
dorsal vs ventral
proximal vs distal
palmer vs planter
rostal vs caudal
anterior vs posterior
superior vs inferior
superficial vs deep
```
37
superficial vs deep
top of skin vs deep in body
38
medial vs lateral
inside legs vs outside legs
| towards midline vs away from midline
39
craniel vs caudal
front half of body vs back half of body
40
dorsal vs ventral
back vs stomach/belly
41
proximal vs distal
closer to body vs further away
42
palmer vs planter
front two paws vs back two paws
43
rostal vs caudal
front of forhead vs back of forhead
44
anterior vs posterior
front of organ body vs rear of organ body
| head-butt-standing-up!!!
45
superior vs inferior
uppermost vs lowermost
46
body planes
midsagittal plane
sagittal plane
transverse plane
dorsal plane
47
sagittal plane
divides body in UNEQUAL left and right parts
48
midsagittal/median plane
divides body in EQUAL left and right parts
49
Dorsal plane
divides body into back and belly parts
| dorsal back and venteral belly
50
transverse plane
divides body into cranial and caudal parts
| front body cranial and back body caudal
51
logy
study of
52
anatomy
study of body structure
53
physiology
study of body functions
54
pathology
study of nature, causes and development of abnormal conditions
55
pathophysiology
study of changes in function caused by desease
56
etiology
study of disease
57
Body cavities
```
Cranial
spinal
thoracic/chest
pelvic
abdominal/peritoneal
```
58
a body cavity is a ____ or _____ space in the body that contains and protects the internal organs
hole and hollow
59
a body cavity is a hole or hollow space in the body that _____ and ______ the internal organ
contains and protects
60
abdominal/peritoneal cavity
major guts
61
recumbency positions
dorsal
ventral
left lateral
right lateral
62
the medical term for lying down is
recumbent
63
the medical term for _____ down is recumbent
lying
64
pathology is the study of the nature, causes and development of ______ conditions
abnormal
65
study terms
Physiology
pathology
etiology
anatomy
66
logy is concidered what word part
suffix
67
genetic
pertains to genes
68
genetic disorder
any disease or condition caused by defective genes
69
con means
with
70
congenital
something present at birth
71
congenital is something present at _____
birth
72
anomaly is deviation from what is ______
normal
73
anomaly
deviation from what is normal
74
four main types of tissue
epithelial=skin
connective
muscle
nervous
75
tissue is a group of specialized cells that join together to perform of a certain _____
function
76
tissue
a group of specialized cells that jooin together to perform a certain function
77
histology is the study of _____
tissue
78
Histology
the stufy of tissue
79
tissue can form ______ and ______
normally and abnormally
80
_______ can form normally and abnormally
Tissue
81
plasia
describes formation, development and GROWTH OF TISSUE and cell numbers
82
plasia describes formation, development and growth of _____ and ___ ___.
tissue and cell numbers
83
trophy
describes formation, development, and INCREASED size of tissue and cells
84
Hist/o
tisses
85
Atrphy is a ______ in size or complete _____ of an organ, tissue, or cell
decrease
| wasting
86
dystrophy is a ______ growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell
defective
87
Hypertrophy ==________ in size of an organ, tissue, or cell
increase
88
Hypertrophy
increase in size of a cell, tissue or organ
89
what are the two types of glands
exocrine and endocrine
90
Glands
groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
91
Glands are groups of _____ ____ that ____ material used elsewhere in the _____
specialized cells
secrete
body
92
exocrine
glands secrete material into ducts
**exo=out
LOCAL
93
Endocrine
glands secrete chemicals into the bloodstream
**endo=within
ALL OVER BODY
94
crine
to secrete
95
Organs
part of the body that performs a special function of functions
96
Greek form is used to describe a _______ ________
Pathological finding
97
Each organ has its own ___ or ___ which are ____ and ____ in origin
Form or forms
| Latin or Greek
98
When an organ has multiple combining forms
* •Latin form used to describe or modify something
| * •Greek form used to describe a pathological finding
99
Latin form is used to ______ or _____ something
Describe or modify
100
Bones
Oste/o, oss/e, oss/i
101
Joints
Arthr/o
102
Cartilage
Chondr/o
103
Muscles
My/o
104
Fascia
Fasc/i, fasci/o
105
Tendons
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
106
Heart
Cardi/o
107
Arteries
Arteri/o
108
Veins
Ven/o, phleb/o
109
Blood
Hem/o, hemat/o
110
Lymph
Lymph/o
111
Tonsils
Tonsil/o
112
What are all of the organs
```
Bones
Joints
Cartilage
Muscles
Fascia
Tendons
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Blood
Lymph
Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus
Nose
Pharynx
Trachea
Larynx
Lungs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
```
113
Spleen
Splen/o
114
Thymus
Thym/o
115
Nose
Nas/o, rhin/o,
116
Pharynx
Pharyng/o
117
Trachea
Trache/o
118
Larynx
Laryng/o
119
Lung
Pneum/ o, pneumon/o
120
Mouth
Or/ o, stomat/o
121
Esophagus
Esophag/ o
122
Stomach
Gastr/o
123
Small intestines
Enter/o
124
Large intestines
Col/ o, colon/o
125
Liver
Hepat/o
126
Pancreas
Pancreat/o
127
Kidneys
Ren/o, nephr/o
128
Ureters
Ureter/o
129
Bladder
Cyst/o
130
Urethra
Urethra/o
131
Brain
Encephal/o
132
Spinal cord
Myel/o
133
Eyes
Ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, opt/i
134
Sight
Optic/o
135
Ears
Ot/o, aur/i, aur/o, audit/o, aud/i
136
Skin
Dermat/o, derm/o, cutane/e
137
Adrenals
Adren/o
138
Gonads
Gonad/o
139
Pineal
Pineal/o
140
Pituitary
Pituit/o
141
Thyroid, thyr/o
Thyroid/o
142
Testes
Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o
143
Overies
Overi/o
| Oophor/o
144
Uterus
```
Hyster/o
Metr/o
Metr/i
Metri/o
Uter/o
```
