Chapter 2

Question 1

Anathema

Answer 1

A ban solemnly pronounced by ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication

Question 2

Anomoeans

Answer 2

From the Greek word ‘anhomoios’ meaning ‘dissimilar’ this set of Arianism stressed an essential difference between the father and son in trinity

Question 3

Apollinarianism

Answer 3

Founded by Apollinarius in the fourth century, this heresy denied the existence of a human mind and will in Christ

Question 4

Apostasy

Answer 4

The willful renunciation of the faith in its entirety

Question 5

Apostate

Answer 5

A person who denies the faith altogether

Question 6

Apostles Creed

Answer 6

A statement of belief of the Apostles based upon the New Testament. It is derived from a baptismal creed use especially well known as the old Roman, and is therefore associated particularity me with the Church of the Rome

Question 7

Arianism

Answer 7

Third and fourth century heresy founded by the Alexandrian priest Arius. It denied Jesus’ divinity, claiming that Jesus is neither God nor equal to the father, but rather an exceptional creature raise the level of son of God because of his heroic fidelity to the father’s will and his sublimed holiness

Question 8

Caesaropapism

Answer 8

Refers to the dual role of head of state and leader of the church in which the temporal ruler extends his own powers to ecclesiastical and theological matters. The church in the East, influenced by the growing power of the patriarch of Constantinople at the hands of the emperor, tended to accept the role for the church in which it was subservient to the interests of the state

Question 9

Chrysostom

Answer 9

Moniker of St. John meaning ‘golden mouthed’, It refers to the Saint’s extraordinary preaching skills

Question 10

Church fathers

Answer 10

Great, holy leaders who have come forward to lead the church, explain the faith, and meet the unique challenges posed by different heresies

Question 11

Demiurge

Answer 11

Gnostic creator god of the material world

Question 12

Docetism

Answer 12

Derived from the Greek word ‘dokesis’, meaning appearance, this gnostic heresy maintained that Jesus did not die on the cross but was spared by someone else who took his place.

Question 13

Doctor of the church

Answer 13

Doctored Ecclesiae, a specific title given by the pope to those whose development of theology and personal sanctity are exemplary.

Question 14

Dokesis

Answer 14

Greek word for appearance. referred to heresy which claimed Jesus only appeared to die on the cross

Question 15

Donatism

Answer 15

Heresy that reject us the sacraments celebrated like clergy who had formerly betrayed their faith

Question 16

Ecumenical council

Answer 16

Derived from the Greek word ‘oikumene’, meaning ‘the whole inhabited world’. Bring bishops and other entitled to vote from all over the world to discuss central issues of the church. They are presided over by the pope and issues decrees which, with the approval of the pope, bind all Christians

Question 17

Filioque

Answer 17

Latin word meaning ‘and the son’, it is used to express the double procession of the Holy Spirit from the father and the son. St Augustine’s discussion on the relationship of the father, son, and Holy Spirit laid the essential groundwork for the addition of the clause to the nicene creed in the medieval period

Question 18

Gnosticism

Answer 18

Derived from the Greek word gnosis (knowledge), the name refers to one of the principle tenets of this multifaceted heresy, namely, that salvation may be achieved through knowledge. In the 2nd century, this, which had eastern origins and influences from Persia and India, very successfully perverted the meaning of Christianity and it’s symbols. To prove its authenticity, this co-opted the probe it’s authority, this co-opted the scriptures, the old and New Testaments, and erected an entirely new cosmological structure that challenged the intent of Christianity

Question 19

Heresy

Answer 19

The refusal to accept one or more truths of the faith which are required for coffee belief. It is a species of unbelief belonging to those who profess the Christian faith the corrupt it’s dogmas

Question 20

Heretic

Answer 20

A person who denies one or more doctrines of faith

Question 21

Homoeans (sabellians)

Answer 21

From Greek homoios, meaning ‘similar’, this scriptural priest party rejected the use of the word homoousios at the council of Nicaea because it was not used in the bible

Question 22

Homoousios

Answer 22

Greek word meaning ‘of the same substance’

Question 23

Infallible

Answer 23

Free for errors. Ecumenical councils’ definitions on faith and morals are considered free from error, or this, if that is the intention of the pop and bishops in union

Question 24

Logos

Answer 24

An ambiguous Greek word with a multitude of meaning that include: word, account, meaning reason, argument, saying, speech, story and many more. The Gospel of St. John utilizes the word’s complex meaning, referring to the person of Jesus, the son of God and a member of the Blessed Trinity, as this

Question 25

Manichaeism

Answer 25

Heresy found by Mani in the 3rd century. an elaborate form of Gnosticism, it involved the relationship between light and darkness, believing that through rituals and sharing their knowledge believers could regain the light stolen by satan and hidden in the brains of men, thus freeing the light to return to it's original source. This heavily borrowed from the scriptures, especially from the writings of St. Paul. Mani incorporated many the writings of St. Paul's arguments and imagery to support his own teaching concerning the struggle between darkness and light.

Question 26

Marcionsism

Answer 26

Founded by Marcion in the second century, he borrowed the gnostic idea of a demiurge, calling this force the jealous and vengeful god of law. according to this, the god of Jesus Christ, the true god, has no law and is sent to bring about the demise of the demiurge. He renounced all Jewish influence on the church, believing that the god of Old Testament was the evil Demiurge.

Question 27

Monophysitism

Answer 27

From the Greek monos, meaning 'alone' and physis, meaning 'nature' this heresy claimed that there is only on nature in Christ and that his human nature is 'incorporated' into the divine nature

Question 28

Monothelitism

Answer 28

Heresy claiming that Christ has two natures but only one will

Question 29

Montanism

Answer 29

Founded by Montanus in the second century, he believed that due to an outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon him, he knew that a new, evenly kingdom was imminent. One of the first apocalyptic heresies, his followers lives a very austere life rejecting second marriages and flight from persecution

Question 30

Neo- Platonism

Answer 30

School of philosophy which held that the logos was a created being, not the Supreme Being. Platonic philosophies, in general, viewed the material world as less perfect than the world of ideas. Thus, besides denying Christ'sp true divinity, linearly Platonic heresies really deemphasized Christ's humanity, if not openly denying it

Question 31

Nestorianism

Answer 31

Founded in the fourth century by Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, this heresy maintained that christ was both human and divine but was not himself fully human or fully divine. instead, he believed that Christ was a union of two men, one human the other divine

Question 32

Pelagianism

Answer 32

Heresy denying Original Sin and the need for grace in man's salvation. According to this heresy, the sacraments are superfluous since salvation and holiness can only be achieved through human endeavor

Question 33

Theotokos

Answer 33

Literally 'pair of God,' often translated 'mother of God.' used since the early centuries of the church, this title of Mary was defended by the Council Ephesus and 431

Question 34

Trajan's rescript

Answer 34

Policy for handling Christians in the Roman Empire which stated that Christians who renounced their faith and offered sacrifice would be allowed to live. Those who did not renounce their faith would suffer death.

Question 35

Vulgate

Answer 35

First translation of the Bible from its original languages into by St. Jerome