Chapter 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the Cell theory?
That every living thing is made up of cells
What are cells?
The smallest living things. They are functional units of multi-cellular organisms & come from preexisting cells.
What is Structural Hierarchy?
Life arrange from the simplest to most complex.
Atoms>Simple molecules>Macro-molecules>Membranes>Organelles>Cells>Tissues>Organs>Organ systems>Animal
What are Prokaryotes?
Small, no membrane-bound organelles. Have DNA
What Domain(s) are Prokaryotes part of?
Archaea, Eubacteria (Also known as Bacteria)
What are the three parts of Eukaryotes?
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus-DNA
What Domain(s) are Eukaryotes a part of?
Eukarya
Why do larger cells need more complex systems?
Because the surface to volume increases. When the surface area increases so does the volume but at a larger rate, therefore the cell can’t accommodate for the volume and needs a more complex system to help transport waste and food throughout it.
Plasma Membrane
Double layer (Bilayer), Phospholipids, Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic, Fluid Mosaic
Phospholipids have a head and tail that are ____________ and ____________
Hydrophobic & Hydrophilic
What does “Fluid Mosaic” mean?
Since the membrane is fluid it is always shifting and changing while maintaining it’s uniform structure. The word “Mosaic” refers to the many different kinds of proteins dispersed on the Phospholipid layer.
What are the functions of the Cell Membranes?
- Regulate material moving in and out of the cell
- Separate inside of cell from the outside
- Separate organelles within the cell
- Provide surface area on which specific chemical reactions can occur
- Separate cells from one another
- Contain markers differentiating one cell from another
